Difference between revisions of "Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia"

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#redirect [[Thyroid_gland#Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia]]
'''Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia''' is a common [[thyroid gland]] pathology and may be an indication for [[thyroidectomy]].
 
==General==
*Clinical diagnosis: ''goitre'', [[AKA]] ''sporadic goitre'', AKA ''multinodular goitre'' (MNG).
*Most common diagnosis in the thyroid.
**If you've seen a handful of thyroids you've seen this.
 
Notes:
*Large lesions may be clonal; however, this is clinically irrelevant.
 
==Gross==
Features:
*Enlarge thyroid gland.
*+/-Distinct (well-circumscribed) nodules.
 
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Follicles of variable size - '''key feature'''.
**Should be obvious at low power, i.e. with the 2.5x objective.
*+/-Nodules.
**Do not have a thick fibrous capsule.
**May have a high cellularity.
**Architecture: solid or microfollicular.<ref name=Ref_EP36>{{Ref EP|36}}</ref>
 
Negatives:
*No nuclear features suggestive of malignancy (at lower power).
**One should not look at high power.
*Not cellular.
 
DDx:
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]] - esp. [[papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant]].
*[[Follicular thyroid adenoma]] - contained in a fibrous capsule.
*[[Follicular thyroid carcinoma]] - has fibrous capsule and invasion through it.
 
==Sign out==
<pre>
HEMITHYROID, RIGHT, HEMITHYROIDECTOMY:
- NODULAR HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
<pre>
HEMITHYROID, RIGHT, HEMITHYROIDECTOMY:
- CELLULAR ADENOMATOID NODULE ON A BACKGROUND OF NODULAR HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
<pre>
RIGHT THYROID, RIGHT HEMITHYROIDECTOMY:
- BENIGN NODULE WITH MICROFOLLICLES IN A BACKGROUND OF NODULAR HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
===Micro===
The sections show thyroid gland with follicles of variable size and marked enlargement.
A lymphocytic infiltrate is present. Focal germinal centre formation is present.  Oncocytic changes and reactive changes are seen focally. No significant nuclear atypia is identified.
 
====Alternate====
The sections show thyroid gland with follicles of variable size and marked enlargement. A large nodule is present with microfollicles that are densely packed around the edge and few in the centre.  The nuclei of the microfollicles are round. No significant nuclear membrane irregularities there are apparent.  Very rare enlarged nuclei are present. Occasional nucleoli are seen. No nuclear overlap is readily apparent.
 
==See also==
*[[Thyroid gland]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Thyroid gland]]

Revision as of 05:33, 4 March 2015

Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia is a common thyroid gland pathology and may be an indication for thyroidectomy.

General

  • Clinical diagnosis: goitre, AKA sporadic goitre, AKA multinodular goitre (MNG).
  • Most common diagnosis in the thyroid.
    • If you've seen a handful of thyroids you've seen this.

Notes:

  • Large lesions may be clonal; however, this is clinically irrelevant.

Gross

Features:

  • Enlarge thyroid gland.
  • +/-Distinct (well-circumscribed) nodules.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Follicles of variable size - key feature.
    • Should be obvious at low power, i.e. with the 2.5x objective.
  • +/-Nodules.
    • Do not have a thick fibrous capsule.
    • May have a high cellularity.
    • Architecture: solid or microfollicular.[1]

Negatives:

  • No nuclear features suggestive of malignancy (at lower power).
    • One should not look at high power.
  • Not cellular.

DDx:

Sign out

HEMITHYROID, RIGHT, HEMITHYROIDECTOMY:
- NODULAR HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

HEMITHYROID, RIGHT, HEMITHYROIDECTOMY:
- CELLULAR ADENOMATOID NODULE ON A BACKGROUND OF NODULAR HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

RIGHT THYROID, RIGHT HEMITHYROIDECTOMY:
- BENIGN NODULE WITH MICROFOLLICLES IN A BACKGROUND OF NODULAR HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Micro

The sections show thyroid gland with follicles of variable size and marked enlargement. A lymphocytic infiltrate is present. Focal germinal centre formation is present. Oncocytic changes and reactive changes are seen focally. No significant nuclear atypia is identified.

Alternate

The sections show thyroid gland with follicles of variable size and marked enlargement. A large nodule is present with microfollicles that are densely packed around the edge and few in the centre. The nuclei of the microfollicles are round. No significant nuclear membrane irregularities there are apparent. Very rare enlarged nuclei are present. Occasional nucleoli are seen. No nuclear overlap is readily apparent.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Thompson, Lester D. R. (2006). Endocrine Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 36. ISBN 978-0443066856.
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