Difference between revisions of "Thymoma"

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Thymoma (view source)

Revision as of 22:45, 20 December 2015

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===Staging===
===Staging===
There is a system by Masaoka and colleagues<ref name=pmid7296496 >{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi =  | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref> that was subsequently modified, and is known as the ''modified Masaoka staging system''.<ref name=pmid8044305>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Koga | first1 = K. | last2 = Matsuno | first2 = Y. | last3 = Noguchi | first3 = M. | last4 = Mukai | first4 = K. | last5 = Asamura | first5 = H. | last6 = Goya | first6 = T. | last7 = Shimosato | first7 = Y. | title = A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma. | journal = Pathol Int | volume = 44 | issue = 5 | pages = 359-67 | month = May | year = 1994 | doi =  | PMID = 8044305 }}</ref>
{{Main|Thymic staging}}
 
====Based on CAP protocol====
Staging as per Butnor ''et al.'':<ref>Butnor KJ et al. Thymus. Version 3.1.0.0. 2011. URL: [http://www.cap.org/cancerprotocols www.cap.org/cancerprotocols]. Accessed on: 31 August 2015.</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Stage
!Characteristics
|-
|I
|encapsulated lesion, tumour does not penetrate capsule
|-
|IIa
|microscopic penetration of the capsule
|-
|IIb
|macroscopic penetration of the capsule
|-
|III
|macroscopic invasion of adjacent organs
|-
|IVa
|pleural or pericardial spread
|-
|IVb
|lymphatic or hematogenous spread
|}
 
====Modified Masaoka as per Masaoka ''et al.'' (1999)====
T-stage - based on Masaoka ''et al.'' (1999):<ref name=pmid10047676>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Yamakawa | first2 = Y. | last3 = Fujii | first3 = Y. | title = Well-differentiated thymic carcinoma: is it thymic carcinoma or not? | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 117 | issue = 3 | pages = 628-30 | month = Mar | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10047676 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Stage
!Features
|-
| T1
| macroscopically and microscopically encapulated
|-
| T2
| macroscopic invasion or adhesion to surrounding tissue (fat or pleura) ''or'' microscopic invasion into the capsule
|-
| T3
| Spread to adjacent organs, e.g. pericardium, lung, great vessels.
|-
| T4
| pericardial or pleural spread
|}
 
N-stage - based on Masaoka ''et al.'' (1999):<ref name=pmid10047676>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Yamakawa | first2 = Y. | last3 = Fujii | first3 = Y. | title = Well-differentiated thymic carcinoma: is it thymic carcinoma or not? | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 117 | issue = 3 | pages = 628-30 | month = Mar | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10047676 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Stage
!Features
|-
| N0
| no lymph node spread
|-
| N1
| spread to anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
|-
| N2
| spread to intrathoracic lymph nodes other than the mediastinal lymph nodes
|-
| N3
| spread to supraclavicular lymph nodes
|}
 
M-stage - based on Masaoka ''et al.'' (1999):<ref name=pmid10047676>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Yamakawa | first2 = Y. | last3 = Fujii | first3 = Y. | title = Well-differentiated thymic carcinoma: is it thymic carcinoma or not? | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 117 | issue = 3 | pages = 628-30 | month = Mar | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10047676 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Stage
!Features
|-
| M0
| no hematogeneous spread and extrathoracic lymph nodes with the exception of the supraclavicular nodes
|-
| M1
| hematogeneous spread and/or extrathoracic lymph nodes 
|}


==IHC==
==IHC==
Michael
48,466

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