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Difference between revisions of "Testicular atrophy"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | {{ Infobox diagnosis | ||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
| Image = Atrophic changes of the testis - alt -- high mag.jpg | | Image = Atrophic changes of the testis - alt -- high mag.jpg | ||
| Width = | | Width = | ||
| Caption = Atrophic changes of the testis (bottom). [[H&E stain]]. | | Caption = Atrophic changes of the testis (bottom). [[H&E stain]]. | ||
| Synonyms = | | Synonyms = atrophic testis, atrophy of the testis | ||
| Micro = thickening of seminiferous tubule basement membrane, decreased sperm/no sperm present, +/-intertubular fibrosis | | Micro = thickening of seminiferous tubule basement membrane, decreased sperm/no sperm present, +/-intertubular fibrosis | ||
| Subtypes = | | Subtypes = | ||
| LMDDx = | | LMDDx = [[sertoli cell nodule]], [[testicular scar]], [[germ cell neoplasia in situ]], [[seminoma]] - esp. intertubular | ||
| Stains = | | Stains = | ||
| IHC = | | IHC = | ||
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| Assdx = | | Assdx = | ||
| Syndromes = | | Syndromes = | ||
| Clinicalhx = undescended testis (cryptorchidism) | | Clinicalhx = +/-undescended testis (cryptorchidism) | ||
| Signs = | | Signs = | ||
| Symptoms = | | Symptoms = | ||
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| Prognosis = benign | | Prognosis = benign | ||
| Other = | | Other = | ||
| ClinDDx = | | ClinDDx = | ||
| Tx = | | Tx = long standing cryptorchidism - removal | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Testicular atrophy''' is relatively common change seen in undescended [[testes]]. It is also known as '''atrophic testis''' and '''atrophy of the testis'''. | '''Testicular atrophy''' is relatively common change seen in undescended [[testes]]. It is also known as '''atrophic testis''' and '''atrophy of the testis'''. | ||
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==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||
*Decreased size. | *Decreased size.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zvizdic Z, Milisic E, Halimic A, Zvizdic D, Zubovic SV |title=Testicular volume and testicular atrophy index as predictors of functionality of unilaterally cryptorchid testis |journal=Med Arch |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=79–82 |year=2014 |pmid=24937926 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Microscopic== | ==Microscopic== | ||
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*Decreased sperm/no sperm present. | *Decreased sperm/no sperm present. | ||
Notes: | |||
*End-stage testicle - only has Sertoli cell within the seminiferous tubules. | *End-stage testicle - only has Sertoli cell within the seminiferous tubules. | ||
*Sertoli cells may have a cytoplasm with eosinophilic granules (lysosomes). This is a nonspecific finding described in several contexts.<ref name=pmid1672120>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nistal | first1 = M. | last2 = Garcia-Rodeja | first2 = E. | last3 = Paniagua | first3 = R. | title = Granular transformation of Sertoli cells in testicular disorders. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 131-7 | month = Feb | year = 1991 | doi = | PMID = 1672120 }}</ref> | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Sertoli cell nodule]]. | *[[Sertoli cell nodule]]. | ||
*[[Testicular scar]]. | *[[Testicular scar]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia). | ||
*[[Seminoma]]. | *[[Seminoma]] - especially where intertubular growth is predominant.<ref name=pmid15316315>{{Cite journal | last1 = Henley | first1 = JD. | last2 = Young | first2 = RH. | last3 = Wade | first3 = CL. | last4 = Ulbright | first4 = TM. | title = Seminomas with exclusive intertubular growth: a report of 12 clinically and grossly inconspicuous tumors. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 28 | issue = 9 | pages = 1163-8 | month = Sep | year = 2004 | doi = | PMID = 15316315 }}</ref> | ||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image: Atrophic changes of the testis -- intermed mag.jpg | Atrophic changes - intermed. mag. | Image: Atrophic changes of the testis -- intermed mag.jpg | Atrophic changes (left) - intermed. mag. | ||
Image: Atrophic changes of the testis -- high mag.jpg | Atrophic changes - high mag. | Image: Atrophic changes of the testis -- high mag.jpg | Atrophic changes (left) - high mag. | ||
Image: Atrophic changes of the testis - alt -- high mag.jpg | Atrophic changes - high mag. | Image: Atrophic changes of the testis - alt -- high mag.jpg | Atrophic changes (bottom) - high mag. | ||
Image: Testis -- very high mag.jpg | Testis - very high mag. | Image: Testis -- very high mag.jpg | Testis - very high mag. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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TESTICLE, RIGHT, ORCHIECTOMY: | TESTICLE, RIGHT, ORCHIECTOMY: | ||
- ATROPHIC TESTICLE. | - ATROPHIC TESTICLE. | ||
- NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA. | - NEGATIVE FOR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU (INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA). | ||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | - NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
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Rare seminiferous tubules have spermatid within. The germ cells seen do not have appreciable nuclear atypia. | Rare seminiferous tubules have spermatid within. The germ cells seen do not have appreciable nuclear atypia. | ||
Small Leydig cell clusters are seen in some sections. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||