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Difference between revisions of "Testicular atrophy"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | |||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Atrophic changes of the testis - alt -- high mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Atrophic changes of the testis (bottom). [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| Synonyms = atrophic testis, atrophy of the testis | |||
| Micro = thickening of seminiferous tubule basement membrane, decreased sperm/no sperm present, +/-intertubular fibrosis | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[sertoli cell nodule]], [[testicular scar]], [[germ cell neoplasia in situ]], [[seminoma]] - esp. intertubular | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = [[testis]] | |||
| Assdx = | |||
| Syndromes = | |||
| Clinicalhx = +/-undescended testis (cryptorchidism) | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = not common | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = benign | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = | |||
| Tx = long standing cryptorchidism - removal | |||
}} | |||
'''Testicular atrophy''' is relatively common change seen in undescended [[testes]]. It is also known as '''atrophic testis''' and '''atrophy of the testis'''. | |||
'''Cryptorchidism''' redirects here. | |||
==General== | |||
*Microscopic appearance identical to ''cryptorchidism'' (undescended testis).<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_506-7>{{Ref PCPBoD8|506-7}}</ref> | |||
==Gross== | |||
*Decreased size.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zvizdic Z, Milisic E, Halimic A, Zvizdic D, Zubovic SV |title=Testicular volume and testicular atrophy index as predictors of functionality of unilaterally cryptorchid testis |journal=Med Arch |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=79–82 |year=2014 |pmid=24937926 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_506-7>{{Ref PCPBoD8|506-7}}</ref> | |||
*Thickening of seminiferous tubule basement membrane. | |||
*Intertubular fibrosis. | |||
*Decreased sperm/no sperm present. | |||
Notes: | |||
*End-stage testicle - only has Sertoli cell within the seminiferous tubules. | |||
*Sertoli cells may have a cytoplasm with eosinophilic granules (lysosomes). This is a nonspecific finding described in several contexts.<ref name=pmid1672120>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nistal | first1 = M. | last2 = Garcia-Rodeja | first2 = E. | last3 = Paniagua | first3 = R. | title = Granular transformation of Sertoli cells in testicular disorders. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 131-7 | month = Feb | year = 1991 | doi = | PMID = 1672120 }}</ref> | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Sertoli cell nodule]]. | |||
*[[Testicular scar]]. | |||
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia). | |||
*[[Seminoma]] - especially where intertubular growth is predominant.<ref name=pmid15316315>{{Cite journal | last1 = Henley | first1 = JD. | last2 = Young | first2 = RH. | last3 = Wade | first3 = CL. | last4 = Ulbright | first4 = TM. | title = Seminomas with exclusive intertubular growth: a report of 12 clinically and grossly inconspicuous tumors. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 28 | issue = 9 | pages = 1163-8 | month = Sep | year = 2004 | doi = | PMID = 15316315 }}</ref> | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Atrophic changes of the testis -- intermed mag.jpg | Atrophic changes (left) - intermed. mag. | |||
Image: Atrophic changes of the testis -- high mag.jpg | Atrophic changes (left) - high mag. | |||
Image: Atrophic changes of the testis - alt -- high mag.jpg | Atrophic changes (bottom) - high mag. | |||
Image: Testis -- very high mag.jpg | Testis - very high mag. | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.surgicalpathologyatlas.com/glfusion/mediagallery/media.php?f=0&sort=0&s=20080802171227609 Testicular atrophy (surgicalpathologyatlas.com)]. | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
TESTICLE, RIGHT, ORCHIECTOMY: | |||
- ATROPHIC TESTICLE. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU (INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA). | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Micro=== | |||
The sections show seminiferous tubules surrounded by thick hyaline sleeves. In a large number of sections only Sertoli cells are found in the tubules. | |||
In some sections poorly defined paucicellular tubular structures reminiscent of seminiferous tubules composed of hyaline material are present; these probably represent obsolete seminiferous tubules. Focally, fibrosis is seen without definite tumour outlines. There is no significant inflammation. The rete testis is identified. | |||
Rare seminiferous tubules have spermatid within. The germ cells seen do not have appreciable nuclear atypia. | |||
Small Leydig cell clusters are seen in some sections. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Testis]]. | |||
*[[Pick's adenoma]] (Sertoli cell nodule). | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|1}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Testis]] | |||