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[[Image:Corpora amylacea high mag.jpg|thumb|300px|Hematoxylin and eosin stain of benign [[prostate gland]].]] | [[Image:Corpora amylacea high mag.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Hematoxylin and eosin stain]] of benign [[prostate gland]].]] | ||
This article deals with '''stains'''. H&E isn't the only stain out there. | This article deals with '''stains'''. H&E isn't the only stain out there. | ||
Non-H&E stains are often referred to as '''''special stains'''''. | Non-H&E stains are often referred to as '''''special stains'''''. | ||
=Where to start...= | =Where to start...= | ||
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==Haematoxylin and eosin stain== | ==Haematoxylin and eosin stain== | ||
*Abbreviated ''H&E''. | *Abbreviated ''H&E''. | ||
{{Main|Hematoxylin and eosin stain}} | |||
==Haematoxylin phyloxin saffron stain== | ==Haematoxylin phyloxin saffron stain== | ||
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===Use=== | ===Use=== | ||
*Stains adipose tissue. | *Stains adipose tissue. | ||
*Corroborate diagnosis of [[lipoid pneumonia]].<ref name=pmid25374742>{{Cite journal | last1 = Yampara Guarachi | first1 = GI. | last2 = Barbosa Moreira | first2 = V. | last3 = Santos Ferreira | first3 = A. | last4 = Sias | first4 = SM. | last5 = Rodrigues | first5 = CC. | last6 = Teixeira | first6 = GH. | title = Lipoid pneumonia in a gas station attendant. | journal = Case Rep Pulmonol | volume = 2014 | issue = | pages = 358761 | month = | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1155/2014/358761 | PMID = 25374742 }}</ref> | |||
*Screen for [[GERD]] - positive staining seen in macrophages from [[BAL]] specimens.<ref name=pmid20466562>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hopkins | first1 = PM. | last2 = Kermeen | first2 = F. | last3 = Duhig | first3 = E. | last4 = Fletcher | first4 = L. | last5 = Gradwell | first5 = J. | last6 = Whitfield | first6 = L. | last7 = Godinez | first7 = C. | last8 = Musk | first8 = M. | last9 = Chambers | first9 = D. | title = Oil red O stain of alveolar macrophages is an effective screening test for gastroesophageal reflux disease in lung transplant recipients. | journal = J Heart Lung Transplant | volume = 29 | issue = 8 | pages = 859-64 | month = Aug | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.healun.2010.03.015 | PMID = 20466562 }}</ref> | |||
*Uncommon. | *Uncommon. | ||
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==Hale's colloidal iron stain== | ==Hale's colloidal iron stain== | ||
{{:Hale's colloidal iron stain}} | |||
== | ==von Kossa stain== | ||
===General=== | |||
*Type of silver stain.<ref name=pmid8360080>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rungby | first1 = J. | last2 = Kassem | first2 = M. | last3 = Eriksen | first3 = EF. | last4 = Danscher | first4 = G. | title = The von Kossa reaction for calcium deposits: silver lactate staining increases sensitivity and reduces background. | journal = Histochem J | volume = 25 | issue = 6 | pages = 446-51 | month = Jun | year = 1993 | doi = | PMID = 8360080 }}</ref> | |||
* | |||
===Use=== | ===Use=== | ||
*Look for calcium. | *Look for calcium. | ||
*Actually stains phosphates and carbonates as a surrogate for calcium. | |||
===Interpretation=== | ===Interpretation=== | ||
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*[[Cytopathology]]. | *[[Cytopathology]]. | ||
*[[Helicobacter gastritis]] - organisms are dark blue against a light blue background.<ref>URL: [http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/diff_quick_ellis.htm http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/diff_quick_ellis.htm]. Accessed on: 30 August 2012.</ref> | *[[Helicobacter gastritis]] - organisms are dark blue against a light blue background.<ref>URL: [http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/diff_quick_ellis.htm http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/diff_quick_ellis.htm]. Accessed on: 30 August 2012.</ref> | ||
====Images==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Lung adenocarcinoma - Diff-Quik -- high mag.jpg | [[Pulmonary_cytopathology#Adenocarcinoma|Lung adenocarcinoma]] - DQ - high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Lung adenocarcinoma - Diff-Quik -- very high mag.jpg | Lung adenocarcinoma - DQ - very high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Lung small cell carcinoma - Diff-Quik -- very high mag.jpg | Lung SmCC - DQ - very high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Lung small cell carcinoma - Diff-Quik -- extremely high mag.jpg | Lung SmCC - DQ - extremely high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Wright stain=== | ===Wright stain=== | ||
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==Papanicolaou stain== | ==Papanicolaou stain== | ||
*Abbreviated ''Pap stain''. | *Abbreviated ''Pap stain''. | ||
{{Main|Papanicolaou stain}} | |||
==Fontana-Masson stain== | ==Fontana-Masson stain== | ||
*[[AKA]] ''Masson-Fontana stain'',<ref name=pmid16081962>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gaitanis | first1 = G. | last2 = Chasapi | first2 = V. | last3 = Velegraki | first3 = A. | title = Novel application of the masson-fontana stain for demonstrating Malassezia species melanin-like pigment production in vitro and in clinical specimens. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 43 | issue = 8 | pages = 4147-51 | month = Aug | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4147-4151.2005 | PMID = 16081962 }}</ref> ''Fontana-Masson stain for melanin'', ''melanin stain''. | *[[AKA]] ''Masson-Fontana stain'',<ref name=pmid16081962>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gaitanis | first1 = G. | last2 = Chasapi | first2 = V. | last3 = Velegraki | first3 = A. | title = Novel application of the masson-fontana stain for demonstrating Malassezia species melanin-like pigment production in vitro and in clinical specimens. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 43 | issue = 8 | pages = 4147-51 | month = Aug | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4147-4151.2005 | PMID = 16081962 }}</ref> ''Fontana-Masson stain for melanin'', ''melanin stain''. | ||
{{Main|Fontana-Masson stain}} | |||
==Schmorl's stain== | ==Schmorl's stain== | ||
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===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Used in [[medical liver disease|medical liver]] biopsies - | *Used in [[medical liver disease|medical liver]] biopsies - stains sulfhydrl groups and identifies: | ||
**Copper-associated protein. | |||
**Elastin. | |||
**[[Hepatitis B]] surface antigen.<ref name=pmid7822848>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ghosh | first1 = AK. | last2 = Dasgupta | first2 = A. | last3 = Raha | first3 = K. | last4 = Jana | first4 = A. | last5 = Majumdar | first5 = DN. | title = Hepatic histology in chronic liver disease in hepatitis B surface antigen positive cases. | journal = J Indian Med Assoc | volume = 92 | issue = 10 | pages = 333-5 | month = Oct | year = 1994 | doi = | PMID = 7822848 }}</ref> | |||
===Interpretation=== | ===Interpretation=== | ||
Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pathology/protocols/shikata.html http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pathology/protocols/shikata.html]. Accessed on: 24 January 2011.</ref> | Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pathology/protocols/shikata.html http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pathology/protocols/shikata.html]. Accessed on: 24 January 2011.</ref> | ||
* | *Dark purple/brown = elastin fibres, HBsAg and copper-associated protein | ||
*Light purple = background | |||
*Light purple = background | *Red = nuclei (only if counter-stain used) | ||
* | |||
==Gömöri Trichrome stain== | ==Gömöri Trichrome stain== | ||
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===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Stains elastin. | *Stains elastin. | ||
*Used to identify blood vessels and pleural invasion in [[lung cancer]]. | *Used to identify blood vessels and [[pleural invasion]] in [[lung cancer]]. | ||
===Interpretation=== | ===Interpretation=== | ||
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*Yellow = muscle, fibrin, [[erythrocytes]]. | *Yellow = muscle, fibrin, [[erythrocytes]]. | ||
*Green/brown = nuclei. | *Green/brown = nuclei. | ||
====Images==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Normal visceral pleura of lung - Miller -- high mag.jpg | Miller stain showing lung tissue. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
=See also= | =See also= |
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