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Difference between revisions of "Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus"
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (view source)
Revision as of 16:54, 28 October 2021
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | |||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Esophageal_squamous_cell_carcinoma_-_a1_--_high_mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| Synonyms = | |||
| Micro = atypical squamous cells invading into the lamina propria | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[squamous dysplasia of the esophagus]] | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = p63 +'ve, CK5/6 +'ve | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = [[esophagus]] - usually proximal or mid portion | |||
| Assdx = [[squamous dysplasia of the esophagus]], [[alcohol]], [[smoking]] | |||
| Syndromes = | |||
| Clinicalhx = | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = dysphagia of solid and liquids | |||
| Prevalence = uncommon | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = poor | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = benign [[esophageal stricture]] | |||
| Tx = usu. surgery - if feasible, chemotherapy, radiation | |||
}} | |||
'''Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus''' is a relatively uncommon form of esophageal cancer. | '''Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus''' is a relatively uncommon form of esophageal cancer. | ||
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*Food with nitrosamines. | *Food with nitrosamines. | ||
*Burning-hot beverages. | *Burning-hot beverages. | ||
**Disputed.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Zamora-Ros | first1 = R. | last2 = Luján-Barroso | first2 = L. | last3 = Bueno-de-Mesquita | first3 = HB. | last4 = Dik | first4 = VK. | last5 = Boeing | first5 = H. | last6 = Steffen | first6 = A. | last7 = Tjønneland | first7 = A. | last8 = Olsen | first8 = A. | last9 = Bech | first9 = BH. | title = Tea and coffee consumption and risk of esophageal cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. | journal = Int J Cancer | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Feb | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.28789 | PMID = 24535727 }}</ref> | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
*Reflux is ''not'' a risk factor for esophageal SCC. | *Reflux is ''not'' a risk factor for esophageal SCC. | ||
**It is a risk factor indirectly for [[esophageal adenocarcinoma]]. | **It is a risk factor indirectly for [[esophageal adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
Clinical: | |||
*Dysphagia of solid and liquids. | |||
*Weight loss. | |||
*Multimodal treatment - surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.<ref name=pmid24480403>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bass | first1 = GA. | last2 = Furlong | first2 = H. | last3 = O'Sullivan | first3 = KE. | last4 = Hennessy | first4 = TP. | last5 = Walsh | first5 = TN. | title = Chemoradiotherapy, with adjuvant surgery for local control, confers a durable survival advantage in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. | journal = Eur J Cancer | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Jan | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.022 | PMID = 24480403 }}</ref> | |||
==Gross== | |||
*Mass in the esophagus - classically proximal or mid portion. | |||
==Microscopic== | ==Microscopic== | ||
: | Features - atypical squamous cells with invasion through the basement membrane: | ||
*Cytology: | |||
**Nucleus - typical central. | |||
***+/-Mitoses. | |||
**Cytoplasm - "dense-appearing", typically eosinophilic (may be intensely eosinophilic). | |||
*+/-Squamous whorls. | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
| Line 25: | Line 70: | ||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
*Reactive changes. | |||
*[[Squamous dysplasia of the esophagus]]. | *[[Squamous dysplasia of the esophagus]]. | ||
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus]]. | |||
*[[metastasis|Metastatic]] carcinoma. | |||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma -- intermed mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - intermed. mag. | |||
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag. | |||
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma -- very high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - very high mag. | |||
</gallery> | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a1 -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag. | |||
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a2 -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag. | |||
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a3 -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag. | |||
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a1 -- very high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - very high mag. | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544238/figure/fig08/ Carcinoma in situ (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid23330004>{{Cite journal | last1 = Terada | first1 = T. | title = A clinicopathologic study of esophageal 860 benign and malignant lesions in 910 cases of consecutive esophageal biopsies. | journal = Int J Clin Exp Pathol | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 191-8 | month = | year = 2013 | doi = | PMID = 23330004 }}</ref> | *[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544238/figure/fig08/ Carcinoma in situ (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid23330004>{{Cite journal | last1 = Terada | first1 = T. | title = A clinicopathologic study of esophageal 860 benign and malignant lesions in 910 cases of consecutive esophageal biopsies. | journal = Int J Clin Exp Pathol | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 191-8 | month = | year = 2013 | doi = | PMID = 23330004 }}</ref> | ||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544238/figure/fig09/ Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (nih.gov)]. | *[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544238/figure/fig09/ Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (nih.gov)]. | ||