Difference between revisions of "Short power list"

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Short power list (view source)

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The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens.  This is list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the [[differential diagnosis]] for the site.  It assumes the specimen comes from an adult.
The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens.  This list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the [[differential diagnosis]] for the site.  It assumes the specimen comes from an adult. There is an expanded ''[[long power list]]''.
 
=Bone=
==General==
Benign:
*[[Aneurysmal bone cyst]].
*[[Osteoid osteoma]].
 
Malignant:
*Metastatic carcinoma.
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]].
*[[Osteosarcoma]].
*[[Ewing sarcoma]].
 
==Femoral head==
Benign:
*[[Osteoarthritis]].
*[[Avascular necrosis of the femoral head]].
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]].
 
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
*Trauma.
*[[Osteoporosis]].
 
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
*[[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]] (SCFE).
*[[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]].
 
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
*[[Pathologic fracture|Metastasis]].


=Breast pathology=
=Breast pathology=
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*Normal.
**[[Lactational change]].
*[[Fibrocystic change]].
*[[Fibrocystic change]].
*[[Fibroadenoma]].
*[[Fibroadenoma]].
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*[[LCIS]].
*[[LCIS]].
*[[Ductal carcinoma]].
*[[Ductal carcinoma]].
*Lobular carcinoma.
*[[Invasive lobular carcinoma]].
*Tubular carcinoma.
*[[Tubular carcinoma of the breast]].


Uncommon benign/malignant:
Uncommon benign/malignant:
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==Heart==
==Heart==
*[[Myocardial infarction]].
*[[Atrial myxoma]].
*[[Atrial myxoma]].


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*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
=Dermatopathology=
Benign - non-melanocytic:
*[[Epidermal inclusion cyst]].
*[[Lipoma]].
*[[Dermatofibroma]].
*[[Dermal scar]].
Benign melanocytic lesions:
*[[Intradermal nevus]].
*[[Junctional nevus]].
*[[Congenital nevus]].
*[[Clark nevus]].
*[[Spitz nevus]].
Malignant:
*[[BCC]].
*[[SCC]].
*[[Malignant melanoma]].
*[[DFSP]].


=Endocrine pathology=
=Endocrine pathology=
==Thyroid gland==
==Thyroid gland==
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]].
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]].
*[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP).


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]], follicular variant.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]] (NOS).
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Papillary thyroid carcinoma, columnar cell variant.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma columnar cell variant]].
*Papillary thyroid carcinoma, tall cell variant.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant]].
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]].
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*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]].
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].
=Femoral head=
Benign:
*[[Osteoarthritis]].
*Avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]].
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
*Trauma.
*Osteoporosis.
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
*Slipped femoral capital epiphysis (SFCE).
*Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome.
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
*Metastasis.


=Gastrointestinal pathology=
=Gastrointestinal pathology=
==Appendix==
Benign:
*[[Appendicitis]].
*Periappendicitis.
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*Normal.
Neoplasm:
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN).
Malignant:
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma.
==Gallbladder==
Benign:
*[[Cholelithiasis]].
*[[Cholesterolosis]].
*[[Acute cholecystitis]].
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
*Intestinal metaplasia.
Uncommon - malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma.
==Gastrointestinal polyp==
==Gastrointestinal polyp==
Benign:
Benign:
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Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
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Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]].
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]].
==Esophagus==
Benign:
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]].
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]].
*[[Barrett esophagus]].
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Herpes esophagitis]].
Malignant:
*Squamous cell carcinoma.
*[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].


==Stomach==
==Stomach==
Benign:
Benign:
*Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
*[[Helicobacter pylori gastritis]].
*Intestinal metaplasia.
*[[Gastric intestinal metaplasia|Intestinal metaplasia]].
*[[Chronic gastritis]].
*[[Chronic gastritis]].
*[[Acute gastritis]].
*[[Acute gastritis]].
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
*Signet-ring cell carcinoma.
*[[Signet-ring cell carcinoma]].
*[[GIST]].
*[[GIST]].
*[[MALT lymphoma]].


==Duodenum==
==Duodenum==
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Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*MAI infection.
*[[MAI]] infection.
 
==Colon/rectum==
Benign:
*Normal.
*Colitis. e.g. [[IBD]].
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Sessile serrated adenoma]].
 
Benign - uncommon infectious:
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]].
 
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]].
*[[Collagenous colitis]].
*[[Inflammatory polyp]].
*[[Juvenile polyp]].
*[[Peutz-Jeghers polyp]].
 
Tumour:
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]].
*[[Schwannoma]].
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
 
Malignant:
*[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]].
 
===Appendix===
Benign:
*[[Appendicitis]].
*[[Periappendicitis]].
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*[[Negative appendectomy|Normal]].
 
Neoplasm:
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN).
 
Malignant:
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma.


==Liver==
==Liver==
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*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]].
*[[Primary biliary cholangitis]].
*[[Wilson's disease]].
*[[Wilson's disease]].
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]].
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]].
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Uncommon malignant:
Uncommon malignant:
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
==Gallbladder==
Benign:
*[[Cholelithiasis]].
*[[Cholesterolosis]].
*[[Acute cholecystitis]].
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].
Uncommon - risk for dysplasia:
*[[Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder|Intestinal metaplasia]].
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Gallbladder adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].


=Genitourinary pathology=
=Genitourinary pathology=
==Tumour kidney==
==Tumour kidney==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Normal kidney]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
*Papillary adenoma.
*[[Renal papillary adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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==Prostate gland==
==Prostate gland==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Normal prostate gland|Normal]].
*Chronic inflammation.
*Chronic inflammation.
*Acute inflammation.
*Acute inflammation.
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only).
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostatectomy diagnosis only).
 
Pre-malignant:
*[[High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Acinar adenocarcinoma.
*[[Prostate carcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Ductal adenocarcinoma.
*[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate|Ductal adenocarcinoma]].
*Urothelial carcinoma.
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate.
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate.
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN.


==Urinary bladder==
==Urinary bladder==
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*Cystitis cystica.
*[[Cystitis cystica]].


Pre-malignant/malignant:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
*Urothelial dysplasia.
*Urothelial dysplasia.
*Papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade.
*[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
*Papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade.
*[[High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
*Flat urothelial carcinoma.
*Flat urothelial carcinoma.


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*[[Malakoplakia]].
*[[Malakoplakia]].
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].
==Testis==
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia).
*[[Seminoma]].
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]].
*[[Yolk sac tumour]].
*[[Teratoma]].
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]].
*[[Leydig cell tumour]].
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]].


=Gynecologic pathology=
=Gynecologic pathology=
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*[[Adenomyosis]].
*[[Adenomyosis]].
*Atrophy.
*Atrophy.
*Uterine prolapse.
*[[Uterine prolapse]].
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]].
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]].
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]].
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]].
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
**Endometrioid.
**[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma|Endometrioid]].
**Mucinous.
**[[Mucinous endometrial carcinoma|Mucinous]].
**Serous.
**[[Serous endometrial carcinoma|Serous]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
*Decidua (change of pregnancy).
*Decidua (change of [[pregnancy]]).


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Clear cell carcinoma.
*[[Clear cell carcinoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]].


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Pre-malignant/malignant:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
*LSIL.
*[[LSIL]].
*HSIL.
*[[HSIL]].
*Squamous cell carcinoma.
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*Adenocarcinoma.
*Adenocarcinoma.


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==Ovary==
==Ovary==
Benign:
Benign:
*Serous cystadenoma.
*[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary|Serous cystadenoma]].
*Mucinous cystadenoma.
*[[Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary|Mucinous cystadenoma]].
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Endometriosis]].
*[[Endometriosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Serous carcinoma.
*[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary|Serous carcinoma]].
*Endometrioid carcinoma.
*[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary|Endometrioid carcinoma]].
*[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]].
*[[Ovarian mucinous carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
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==Fallopian tube==
==Fallopian tube==
Benign:
Benign:
*Paratubal cyst.
*[[Paratubal cyst]].
*Tubo-ovarian abscess.
*Tubo-ovarian abscess.
*[[Salpingitis]].
*[[Salpingitis]].
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]].
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]].
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
Pre-malignant:
*[[Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma]] (STIC).


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Serous carcinoma.
*[[Serous carcinoma]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
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Uncommon malignant:
Uncommon malignant:
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''.
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]].
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]].
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*Normal/resting.
*Normal/resting.
*Follicular hyperplasia.
*Follicular hyperplasia.
*[[Lymph node hyalinization]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Metastasis, esp. carcinoma.
*[[Lymph node metastasis]], esp. carcinoma.
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
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Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Mesothelioma]].
*[[Mesothelioma]].
=Soft tissue=
Benign:
*[[Lipoma]].
*[[Hemangioma]].
*[[Neurofibroma]].
Malignant:
*[[Liposarcoma]].
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Chondrosarcoma]].


=Spleen=
=Spleen=
Benign:
Benign:
*Trauma.
*Trauma.
**[[Splenic laceration]].
*Normal.
*Normal.
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]].
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]].
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]].
=Placenta=
*Normal.
*[[Chorioamnionitis]].
**[[Funisitis]].
*[[Meconium]].
*[[Placentomegaly]].
*[[Placental infarction]].
Less common:
*[[TORCH infections]].
*[[Chorangioma]].
*[[Chorangiosis]].
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]].
=Brain=
*Normal
*[[Neuropathology#Reactive_change_vs._malignancy|Reactive changes]].
*[[Multiple sclerosis]].
*[[Neuropathology#Encephalitis|Encephalitis]].
*[[Neurodegenerative_diseases|Neurodegeneration]].
*[[Neuropathology_tumours|Neoplastic]].


=See also=
=See also=
*[[Diagnosis]].
*[[Diagnosis]].
*[[Short power list]].
*[[Long power list]].


[[Category:Basics]]
[[Category:Basics]]
Michael
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