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Short answer questions submitted by Tate (view source)

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===CAP Molecular Diagnosis of Lung Cancer===
==[[CAP Molecular Diagnosis of Lung Cancer]]==
 
{{hidden|List 5 treatment defining molecular transformation, the neoplasm, and the genetic alteration|1. 100% of CML: BRR-ABL > Imatinib, 2. 20% of Lung Adenocarcinoma: EGFR > Erlotinib/Gefitinib, 3. 25% Infiltrative ductal carcinoma of breast HER2>Trastuzumab, 4. 50% of Melanoma, BRAF v600E > PLX4032, 5. 4% of Lung Adenocarcinoma: ALK > Crizotinib}}
 
{{hidden|List and describe 5 areas of Genetic characaterization of tumours for personalized medicine|DNA mutations, DNA chromosomal alterations, mRNA and MiRNA profiling, Proteomics, DNA epigenetics}}
 
{{hidden|What fraction of Lung adenocarcinomas have no known detactable mutations|42%}}
 
{{hidden|What are the three most common molecular alterations of Lung Adenocarcinoma|KRAS 23%, EGFR 15%, TP53 5%}}
 
{{hidden|What is the two most common molecular alteration makes patients with EGFR mutations resistant to targetted therapies?|KRAS (primary) and T790M (primary and acquired)}}
 
{{hidden|List two EGFR kinase inhibitors.|Gefitinib/Iressa, Erlotinib/Tarceva}}
 
{{hidden|What are the three most common cancers associated with KRAS mutations?|Pancreatic 90%, Colon 50%, Lung NSCLC 30%}}
 
{{hidden|Why don't KRAS + tumours respond to Anti EGFR therapies?|KRAS is downstream from EGFR, so changing the function of EFGR would not have any effect on mutated KRAS}}
 
{{hidden|Explain the cost effectiveness of genetic testing for targetted therapies?|Most molecular tests cost $200-1000, vs one month of targetted therapy $2000-10000/month}}
 
{{hidden|What are the three most common cancers associated with BRAF mutations?|Melanoma 70%, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma 50%, Ovarian serious carcinoma 30%, Colon cancer 10%, Hint Papillary architecture}}
 
{{hidden|Beta catenin/CTNNB1 expression is found with which histological pattern of lung adenocarcinoma?|Low grade adenocarcinoma of fetal type, poor px, <40yo, and has glycogen rich glandular formations, may occur in FAP patients}}
 
{{hidden|What is the most common ALK rearrangement found in NSCLC?|EML4-ALK (90% of the 13% of lung cancers found to due to ALK fusions)}}
 
{{hidden|List some pros and cons of ALK FISH.|Pros: commercial FDA approved probes available, not too expensive, moderately easy to disseminate screening, clinically validated, and failed tests on poorly preserved tissues are not reported as negative. Cons: need fish lab expertise (including pathologist and PhD), can be tricky if genes are close}}
 
{{hidden|List some pros and cons of ALK IHC.|Pros: fast, cheap, easy to disseminate screening, Cons: commercial antibodies sub-optimal, poorly preserved tissues (esp bx) may give false negative results due to loss of antigenicity, no internal control}}
 
{{hidden|What is a positive count in the ALK-FISH?|Signal split >2 probe diameters}}


===CAP Molecular Diagnosis of AML===
===CAP Molecular Diagnosis of AML===
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