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Difference between revisions of "Rectal prolapse"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | {{ Infobox diagnosis | ||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
| Image = Rectal_prolapse_-_intermed_mag.jpg | | Image = Rectal_prolapse_-_intermed_mag.jpg | ||
| Width = | | Width = | ||
| Caption = Fibromuscular hyperplasia as seen in rectal prolapse. [[H&E stain]]. | | Caption = Fibromuscular hyperplasia as seen in rectal prolapse. [[H&E stain]]. | ||
| Synonyms = | | Synonyms = | ||
| Micro = fibromuscular hyperplasia: lamina propria fibrosis and muscle, thick muscularis propria, +/-ischemic changes | | Micro = fibromuscular hyperplasia: lamina propria fibrosis and lamina propria muscle, thick muscularis propria, submucosal fibrosis, +/-ischemic mucosal changes | ||
| Subtypes = | | Subtypes = | ||
| LMDDx = | | LMDDx = | ||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
*'''Important negative''': no nuclear atypia. | *'''Important negative''': no nuclear atypia. | ||
**May be seen if ischemic changes are present. | |||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
| Line 62: | Line 63: | ||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||
<pre> | |||
Rectum, Excision: | |||
- Colorectal wall with mild chronic mucosal inflammation, | |||
and prominent submucosal fibrous tissue with dilated-appearing vessels. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Block letters=== | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
RECTAL MUCOSA, DELORME PROCEDURE: | RECTAL MUCOSA, DELORME PROCEDURE: | ||
| Line 68: | Line 77: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
===Micro=== | <pre> | ||
RECTAL MUCOSA, DELORME PROCEDURE: | |||
- SUPERFICIAL RECTAL WALL WITH FIBROMUSCULAR HYPERPLASIA, EDEMA, MILD INFLAMMATORY | |||
CHANGES, AND FOCAL REACTIVE CHANGES; | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
====Micro==== | |||
The sections show rectal mucosa, submucosa and a small amount of muscularis propria. The mucosa shows fibromuscular hyperplasia with thickening of the muscularis mucosae and mild lamina propria fibrosis. The submucosa is edematous. The small amount of muscularis propria is unremarkable. The epithelium matures normally to the surface. No significant nuclear atypia is identified. | The sections show rectal mucosa, submucosa and a small amount of muscularis propria. The mucosa shows fibromuscular hyperplasia with thickening of the muscularis mucosae and mild lamina propria fibrosis. The submucosa is edematous. The small amount of muscularis propria is unremarkable. The epithelium matures normally to the surface. No significant nuclear atypia is identified. | ||
===Ischemic changes present=== | |||
<pre> | |||
RECTAL MUCOSA, DELORME PROCEDURE: | |||
- SUPERFICIAL RECTAL WALL WITH REACTIVE CHANGES, ISCHEMIC CHANGES AND FIBROMUSCULAR | |||
HYPERPLASIA, SEE COMMENT. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
The changes are compatible with prolapse (fibromuscular hyperplasia) and suggestive of | |||
concurrent ischemia (see microscopic). | |||
The mucosal reactive changes are marked. No definite dysplasia is identified; however, it | |||
is difficult to completely exclude. Follow-up is recommended. | |||
</pre> | |||
====Micro==== | |||
The sections show superficial rectal wall with ischemic changes (focal cryptitis, marked | |||
reactive epithelial changes, erosions, capillary congestion, goblet cell paucitity, | |||
epithelium with attenuated cytoplasm) and changes compatible with prolapse (fibromuscular | |||
hyperplasia). | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Rectum]]. | *[[Rectum]]. | ||
*[[Solitary rectal ulcer]]. | *[[Solitary rectal ulcer]]. | ||
*[[Prolapse]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||