Difference between revisions of "Pulmonary embolism"
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==Risks== | ==Risks== | ||
Hypercoagulable states:<ref>URL: [http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433 http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433]. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.</ref> | *Trauma. | ||
*Immobility. | |||
*Hypercoagulable states (memory device ''CALMSHAPES''):<ref>URL: [http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433 http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433]. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.</ref> | |||
**Protein C deficiency. | |||
**Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA). | |||
**Leiden factor V deficiency. | |||
**Malignancy. | |||
**Protein S deficiency. | |||
**Homocystinemia. | |||
**Antithrombin deficiency. | |||
**Prothrombin G20210A. | |||
**Excess factor VIII. | |||
**Sticky platelet syndrome. | |||
==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||
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*[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ATHHTML/ATH031.html Lines of Zahn (utah.edu)]. | *[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ATHHTML/ATH031.html Lines of Zahn (utah.edu)]. | ||
*[http://pathhsw5m54.ucsf.edu/case9/image94.html Lines of Zahn (ucsf.edu)]. | *[http://pathhsw5m54.ucsf.edu/case9/image94.html Lines of Zahn (ucsf.edu)]. | ||
==See also== | |||
*[[Pulmonary pathology]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:16, 15 September 2010
Pulmonary embolism is often on the differential in autopsies, as it is not easy to diagnose clinically.
Clinical
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea) - classic symptom.
- Tachycardia.
- Chest pain.
- Findings associated with deep vein thrombosis
- Leg pain.
- Leg swelling.
Notes:
- Venous thrombosis OR~=12 for PE.[1]
Risks
- Trauma.
- Immobility.
- Hypercoagulable states (memory device CALMSHAPES):[2]
- Protein C deficiency.
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA).
- Leiden factor V deficiency.
- Malignancy.
- Protein S deficiency.
- Homocystinemia.
- Antithrombin deficiency.
- Prothrombin G20210A.
- Excess factor VIII.
- Sticky platelet syndrome.
Gross
- Intravascular spagetti with cream sauce.
- Leg swelling.
Microscopic
Features:
- Organized blood components (RBCs, WBCs) in layers with organization (fibrin); Lines of Zahn = layers of components
Images:
See also
References
- ↑ Reissig A, Haase U, Schulze E, Lehmann T, Kroegel C (July 2010). "[Diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary embolism prior to death]" (in German). Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 135 (30): 1477–83. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262435. PMID 20648405.
- ↑ URL: http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.