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Difference between revisions of "Prostate cancer"
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Memory device: '''AAABBRS''' = atrophy, adenosis, adenosis (sclerosing), basal cell hyperplasia, bulbourethral gland, radiation, seminal vesicles. | Memory device: '''AAABBRS''' = atrophy, adenosis, adenosis (sclerosing), basal cell hyperplasia, bulbourethral gland, radiation, seminal vesicles. | ||
===Situations where prostate adenocarcinoma may be missed{{cite journal | | ===Situations where prostate adenocarcinoma may be missed=== | ||
*Tissue artefacts (try levels and/or IHC) | Key reasons for false negative prostate samples<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Yang C, Humphrey PA |title=False-Negative Histopathologic Diagnosis of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=144 |issue=3 |pages=326–334 |date=March 2020 |pmid=31729886 |doi=10.5858/arpa.2019-0456-RA |url=}}</ref>: | ||
**Crush artefact | *Tissue artefacts (try levels and/or IHC): | ||
**Thick | **Crush artefact | ||
** | **Thick sections | ||
**Aberrant H&E staining | |||
**Freezing artefact | **Freezing artefact | ||
*Minimal adenocarcinoma | **Cautery | ||
*Minimal adenocarcinoma (less than 1mm long or involving less than 5% of a core biopsy): | |||
*Prostatic adenocarcinoma variants that mimic benign: | *Prostatic adenocarcinoma variants that mimic benign: | ||
**[[Atrophic prostate carcinoma]] | **[[Atrophic prostate carcinoma]] | ||
**[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]] | **[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]] | ||
**[[Foamy gland adenocarcinoma]] | **[[Foamy gland adenocarcinoma]] | ||
**[[PIN-like adenocarcinoma]] | **[[PIN-like adenocarcinoma]] | ||
*Single | **Microcystic adenocarcinoma | ||
*Treatment effect | *Single cells of Gleason 5 adenocarcinoma (missed or mistaken for lymphocytes; try IHC for cytokeratins, prostatic and/or hematologic markers) | ||
*Treatment effect (check clinical information and look for treatment effect in benign glands) | |||
===Prostate cancer grading=== | ===Prostate cancer grading=== | ||