Difference between revisions of "Prostate cancer"

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===Radiology===
===Radiology===
*Small hypoechoic areas (<0.2 cm<sup>3</sup>) have cancer less than 4% of the time..<ref name=pmid9933054>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Fleshner | first1 = NE. | last2 = O'Sullivan | first2 = M. | last3 = Premdass | first3 = C. | last4 = Fair | first4 = WR. | title = Clinical significance of small (less than 0.2 cm3) hypoechoic lesions in men with normal digital rectal examinations and prostate-specific antigen levels less than 10 ng/mL. | journal = Urology | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 356-8 | month = Feb | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 9933054 }}</ref>
*Small hypoechoic areas (<0.2 cm<sup>3</sup>) have cancer less than 4% of the time.<ref name=pmid9933054>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Fleshner | first1 = NE. | last2 = O'Sullivan | first2 = M. | last3 = Premdass | first3 = C. | last4 = Fair | first4 = WR. | title = Clinical significance of small (less than 0.2 cm3) hypoechoic lesions in men with normal digital rectal examinations and prostate-specific antigen levels less than 10 ng/mL. | journal = Urology | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 356-8 | month = Feb | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 9933054 }}</ref>
**One study suggests hypoechoic lesions tend to have a worse outcome;<ref name=pmid22920545>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Nakano Junqueira | first1 = VC. | last2 = Zogbi | first2 = O. | last3 = Cologna | first3 = A. | last4 = Dos Reis | first4 = RB. | last5 = Tucci | first5 = S. | last6 = Reis | first6 = LO. | last7 = Westphalen | first7 = AC. | last8 = Muglia | first8 = VF. | title = Is a visible (hypoechoic) lesion at biopsy an independent predictor of prostate cancer outcome? | journal = Ultrasound Med Biol | volume = 38 | issue = 10 | pages = 1689-94 | month = Oct | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.06.006 | PMID = 22920545 }}</ref> however, this is not supported by an older study.<ref name=pmid1688955></ref>  
**One study suggests hypoechoic lesions tend to have a worse outcome;<ref name=pmid22920545>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Nakano Junqueira | first1 = VC. | last2 = Zogbi | first2 = O. | last3 = Cologna | first3 = A. | last4 = Dos Reis | first4 = RB. | last5 = Tucci | first5 = S. | last6 = Reis | first6 = LO. | last7 = Westphalen | first7 = AC. | last8 = Muglia | first8 = VF. | title = Is a visible (hypoechoic) lesion at biopsy an independent predictor of prostate cancer outcome? | journal = Ultrasound Med Biol | volume = 38 | issue = 10 | pages = 1689-94 | month = Oct | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.06.006 | PMID = 22920545 }}</ref> however, this is not supported by an older study.<ref name=pmid1688955>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Devonec | first1 = M. | last2 = Fendler | first2 = JP. | last3 = Monsallier | first3 = M. | last4 = Mouriquand | first4 = P. | last5 = Maquet | first5 = JH. | last6 = Mestas | first6 = JL. | last7 = Dutrieux-Berger | first7 = N. | last8 = Perrin | first8 = P. | title = The significance of the prostatic hypoechoic area: results in 226 ultrasonically guided prostatic biopsies. | journal = J Urol | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 316-9 | month = Feb | year = 1990 | doi =  | PMID = 1688955 }}</ref>  
***It seems that size matters.
***It seems that size matters.


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