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'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung. | [[Image:Acute pneumonia - i -- low mag.jpg|thumb|Acute pneumonia. [[H&E stain]]. (WC)]] | ||
'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung, which includes infectious and non-infectious etiologies. | |||
It is a subset of the [[medical lung diseases]]. This article primarily deals with the infectious pneumonias. | |||
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are listed at the bottom; they are dealt with in detail in the ''[[diffuse lung diseases]]'' article. | |||
=Infectious pnemonia= | =Infectious pnemonia= | ||
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*This is the most common form of (infectious) pneumonia. | *This is the most common form of (infectious) pneumonia. | ||
==== | ====Lobar pneumonia==== | ||
*Pneumonia that involves a | *Pneumonia that involves a whole lobe. | ||
*Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available. | *Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available. | ||
==Acute infectious pneumonia== | ==Acute infectious pneumonia== | ||
{{Main|Acute infectious pneumonia}} | |||
The most common form of pneumonia. It is usually diagnosed clinically. | |||
The | |||
==Chronic infectious pneumonia== | ==Chronic infectious pneumonia== | ||
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Common microorganisms:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8|711}}</ref> | Common microorganisms:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8|711}}</ref> | ||
*Nocardia. | *Nocardia. | ||
*Actinomyces. | *[[Actinomyces]]. | ||
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | *[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]. | ||
*Atypical mycobacterium, e.g. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | *Atypical mycobacterium, e.g. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | ||
*[[Histoplasmosis|Histoplasma capsulatum]]. | *[[Histoplasmosis|Histoplasma capsulatum]]. | ||
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*Inflammation. | *Inflammation. | ||
*+/-[[Granuloma]]s. | *+/-[[Granuloma]]s. | ||
==Aspiration pneumonia== | |||
{{Main|Aspiration pneumonia}} | |||
==Cytomegalovirus pneumonia== | |||
{{Main|Cytomegalovirus}} | |||
===General=== | |||
*Immunodeficiency. | |||
*Critical illness.<ref name=pmid20931610>{{Cite journal | last1 = Limaye | first1 = AP. | last2 = Boeckh | first2 = M. | title = CMV in critically ill patients: pathogen or bystander? | journal = Rev Med Virol | volume = 20 | issue = 6 | pages = 372-9 | month = Nov | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1002/rmv.664 | PMID = 20931610 }}</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*CMV nuclear changes: | |||
**Large red nucleus with a pale halo. | |||
*Eosinophilic granular cytoplasmic inclusions. | |||
Images: | |||
*[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/images/lungcmv2.jpg CMV pneumonia (pathologyoutlines.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungnontumorCMV.html http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungnontumorCMV.html]. Accessed on: 23 January 2012.</ref> | |||
*[http://www.pathology.washington.edu/about/education/gallery/infections/Aspergillus_d_ppt.jpg CMV pneumonia (washington.edu)]. | |||
*[http://www.art.com/products/p360692202-sa-i4008999/frederick-skvara-cytomegalovirus-cmv-pneumonitis-in-the-lung-h-e-stain.htm?sorig=cat&sorigid=177507&dimvals=177507-207238&ui=e5fd37a28e3048d8af7d3285d9b9cdfa CMV pneumonia (art.com)]. | |||
===IHC=== | |||
*CMV +ve -- cytoplasmic inclusions, large nucleus. | |||
=Diffuse lung diseases= | =Diffuse lung diseases= |
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