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Difference between revisions of "Pneumonia"
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'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung. | [[Image:Acute pneumonia - i -- low mag.jpg|thumb|Acute pneumonia. [[H&E stain]]. (WC)]] | ||
'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung, which includes infectious and non-infectious etiologies. | |||
It is a subset of the [[medical lung diseases]]. This article primarily deals with the infectious pneumonias. | |||
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are listed at the bottom; they are dealt with in detail in the ''[[diffuse lung diseases]]'' article. | |||
=Infectious pnemonia= | |||
*[[Acute infectious pneumonia]]. | *[[Acute infectious pneumonia]]. | ||
**[[Pneumocystis pneumonia]]. | **[[Pneumocystis pneumonia]]. | ||
*[[Chronic infectious pneumonia]]. | *[[Chronic infectious pneumonia]]. | ||
=== | ===Anatomical classification of pneumonia=== | ||
* | *Generally, not used by clinicians. | ||
*Use of the terms without qualification is discouraged... as they do not make explicit the etiology. | |||
====Bronchopneumonia==== | ====Bronchopneumonia==== | ||
*Multiple foci of acute inflammation involving the bronchi. | *Multiple foci of (acute) inflammation involving the bronchi. | ||
*This is the most common form of pneumonia. | *This is the most common form of (infectious) pneumonia. | ||
==== | ====Lobar pneumonia==== | ||
* | *Pneumonia that involves a whole lobe. | ||
*Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available. | *Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available. | ||
==Diffuse lung diseases | ==Acute infectious pneumonia== | ||
{{Main|Acute infectious pneumonia}} | |||
The most common form of pneumonia. It is usually diagnosed clinically. | |||
==Chronic infectious pneumonia== | |||
===General=== | |||
Common microorganisms:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8|711}}</ref> | |||
*Nocardia. | |||
*[[Actinomyces]]. | |||
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]. | |||
*Atypical mycobacterium, e.g. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | |||
*[[Histoplasmosis|Histoplasma capsulatum]]. | |||
*[[Coccidioidomycosis|Coccidioides immitis]]. | |||
*[[Blastomycosis|Blastomyces dermatitidis]]. | |||
Note: | |||
*All of the later ones are granulomatous. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Inflammation. | |||
*+/-[[Granuloma]]s. | |||
==Aspiration pneumonia== | |||
{{Main|Aspiration pneumonia}} | |||
==Cytomegalovirus pneumonia== | |||
{{Main|Cytomegalovirus}} | |||
===General=== | |||
*Immunodeficiency. | |||
*Critical illness.<ref name=pmid20931610>{{Cite journal | last1 = Limaye | first1 = AP. | last2 = Boeckh | first2 = M. | title = CMV in critically ill patients: pathogen or bystander? | journal = Rev Med Virol | volume = 20 | issue = 6 | pages = 372-9 | month = Nov | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1002/rmv.664 | PMID = 20931610 }}</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*CMV nuclear changes: | |||
**Large red nucleus with a pale halo. | |||
*Eosinophilic granular cytoplasmic inclusions. | |||
Images: | |||
*[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/images/lungcmv2.jpg CMV pneumonia (pathologyoutlines.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungnontumorCMV.html http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungnontumorCMV.html]. Accessed on: 23 January 2012.</ref> | |||
*[http://www.pathology.washington.edu/about/education/gallery/infections/Aspergillus_d_ppt.jpg CMV pneumonia (washington.edu)]. | |||
*[http://www.art.com/products/p360692202-sa-i4008999/frederick-skvara-cytomegalovirus-cmv-pneumonitis-in-the-lung-h-e-stain.htm?sorig=cat&sorigid=177507&dimvals=177507-207238&ui=e5fd37a28e3048d8af7d3285d9b9cdfa CMV pneumonia (art.com)]. | |||
===IHC=== | |||
*CMV +ve -- cytoplasmic inclusions, large nucleus. | |||
=Diffuse lung diseases= | |||
{{Main|Diffuse lung disease}} | {{Main|Diffuse lung disease}} | ||
*[[AKA]] ''idiopathic interstitial pneumonia''. | *[[AKA]] ''idiopathic interstitial pneumonia''. | ||
| Line 33: | Line 81: | ||
**[[Acute interstitial pneumonia]]. | **[[Acute interstitial pneumonia]]. | ||
=See also= | |||
*[[Medical lung diseases]]. | *[[Medical lung diseases]]. | ||
*[[Lung]]. | *[[Lung]]. | ||
=References= | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Pulmonary pathology]] | [[Category:Pulmonary pathology]] | ||