48,448
edits
Difference between revisions of "Placenta"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→What to remember...
(+image) |
|||
| (9 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[Image:Human_placenta.jpg|thumb|right|A placenta (fetal aspect) with attached umbilical cord. (WC/Asturnut)]] | [[Image:Human_placenta.jpg|thumb|right|A placenta (fetal aspect) with attached umbilical cord. (WC/Asturnut)]] | ||
The '''placenta''' feeds the developing baby, breathes for it and disposes of its waste. | The '''placenta''' feeds the developing baby, breathes for it and disposes of its waste. | ||
The organ is one that seems to be left behind; at least one review suggests it isn't done so well by general pathologists.<ref name=pmid12033960>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sun | first1 = CC. | last2 = Revell | first2 = VO. | last3 = Belli | first3 = AJ. | last4 = Viscardi | first4 = RM. | title = Discrepancy in pathologic diagnosis of placental lesions. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 126 | issue = 6 | pages = 706-9 | month = Jun | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1043/0003-9985(2002)1260706:DIPDOP2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 12033960 }}</ref> | The organ is one that seems to be left behind; at least one review suggests it isn't done so well by general pathologists.<ref name=pmid12033960>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sun | first1 = CC. | last2 = Revell | first2 = VO. | last3 = Belli | first3 = AJ. | last4 = Viscardi | first4 = RM. | title = Discrepancy in pathologic diagnosis of placental lesions. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 126 | issue = 6 | pages = 706-9 | month = Jun | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1043/0003-9985(2002)1260706:DIPDOP2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 12033960 }}</ref> | ||
''Placental pathology'' redirects to this article. | |||
=Clinical= | =Clinical= | ||
| Line 194: | Line 196: | ||
===Linear regression - placental mass-gestational age=== | ===Linear regression - placental mass-gestational age=== | ||
Based on the table in the AFIP book<ref>AFIP Placental pathol. ISBN: 1-881041-89-1. P.312</ref> | Based on the table in the AFIP book<ref>AFIP Placental pathol. ISBN: 1-881041-89-1. P.312</ref> one can generate the following regression lines: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| ||'''50%''' ||'''10%''' ||'''90%''' | | ||'''50%''' ||'''10%''' ||'''90%''' | ||
| Line 218: | Line 220: | ||
*Is it required? | *Is it required? | ||
**Sebire and Fox have advocated abandoning the practise of obtaining a placental mass, due to the large number of uncontrolled variables inherent in these measures. Instead, they have advocated using mushy descriptors such as "small", "average" and "large", which require experience in examining the organ.<ref>{{cite book |author= Fox, Harold; Sebire, Neil J. |title=[http://www.amazon.com/Pathology-Placenta-Major-Problems/dp/1416025928/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1297259619&sr=1-1-fkmr0 Pathology of the Placenta (Major Problems in Pathology)]|publisher=Saunders |location= |year=2007 |pages= 559-561 |edition=3rd |isbn=978-1416025924 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | **Sebire and Fox have advocated abandoning the practise of obtaining a placental mass, due to the large number of uncontrolled variables inherent in these measures. Instead, they have advocated using mushy descriptors such as "small", "average" and "large", which require experience in examining the organ.<ref>{{cite book |author= Fox, Harold; Sebire, Neil J. |title=[http://www.amazon.com/Pathology-Placenta-Major-Problems/dp/1416025928/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1297259619&sr=1-1-fkmr0 Pathology of the Placenta (Major Problems in Pathology)]|publisher=Saunders |location= |year=2007 |pages= 559-561 |edition=3rd |isbn=978-1416025924 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
***In the context of quality, a measure (even if somewhat flawed) | ***In the context of quality, a measure (even if somewhat flawed) is probably more reproducible and objective than arbitrary descriptors which require experience and a continuing case volume to calibrate. | ||
===Placentomegaly=== | ===Placentomegaly=== | ||
| Line 427: | Line 429: | ||
*Rare ~ 1/5500. | *Rare ~ 1/5500. | ||
*Mortality ~50% is severe. | *Mortality ~50% is severe. | ||
=Membranes= | =Membranes= | ||
| Line 435: | Line 435: | ||
==Amnion nodosum== | ==Amnion nodosum== | ||
{{Main|Amnion nodosum}} | |||
==Placental meconium== | ==Placental meconium== | ||
| Line 475: | Line 447: | ||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
Features:<ref name=pmid18081444/> | Features:<ref name=pmid18081444>{{Cite journal | last1 = Adeniran | first1 = AJ. | last2 = Stanek | first2 = J. | title = Amnion nodosum revisited: clinicopathologic and placental correlations. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 131 | issue = 12 | pages = 1829-33 | month = Dec | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1829:ANRCAP]2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 18081444 }}</ref> | ||
*White (or yellow) plaques - irregular outline. | *White (or yellow) plaques - irregular outline. | ||
| Line 628: | Line 600: | ||
==Acute villitis== | ==Acute villitis== | ||
{{main|Acute villitis}} | |||
==Villitis of unknown etiology== | ==Villitis of unknown etiology== | ||
| Line 679: | Line 635: | ||
*Abbreviation ''PFD''. | *Abbreviation ''PFD''. | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Thought to be an immunologic problem - resulting in platelet activation and fibrin deposition.<ref name=pmid12066949/> | *Thought to be an immunologic problem - resulting in platelet activation and fibrin deposition.<ref name=pmid12066949>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sebire | first1 = NJ. | last2 = Backos | first2 = M. | last3 = Goldin | first3 = RD. | last4 = Regan | first4 = L. | title = Placental massive perivillous fibrin deposition associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. | journal = BJOG | volume = 109 | issue = 5 | pages = 570-3 | month = May | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12066949 }}</ref> | ||
*May be associated with [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=Ref_Placenta327>{{Ref Placenta|327}}</ref> | *May be associated with [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=Ref_Placenta327>{{Ref Placenta|327}}</ref> | ||
| Line 812: | Line 768: | ||
*May be spelled ''foetus papyraceus''. | *May be spelled ''foetus papyraceus''. | ||
*[[AKA]] ''fetus compressus''. | *[[AKA]] ''fetus compressus''. | ||
{{Main|Fetus papyraceus}} | |||
==Placental mesenchymal dysplasia== | ==Placental mesenchymal dysplasia== | ||