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Difference between revisions of "Placenta"
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==Infection== | ==Infection== | ||
Types (by site):<ref name=Ref_PBoD1106>{{Ref PBoD|1106}}</ref> | Types (by site):<ref name=Ref_PBoD1106>{{Ref PBoD|1106}}</ref> | ||
*Fetal membranes: chorioamnionitis, membranitis.<ref> | *Fetal membranes: chorioamnionitis, membranitis.<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_2311>{{Ref Sternberg4|2311}}</ref> | ||
*Umbilical cord: funisitis. | *Umbilical cord: funisitis. | ||
*Placenta: placentitis, villitis. | *Placenta: placentitis, villitis. | ||
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===Grading infection=== | ===Grading infection=== | ||
Membranitis<ref> | Membranitis:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_2311>{{Ref Sternberg4|2311}}</ref> | ||
# PMNs - decidua only. | # PMNs - decidua only. | ||
# PMNs - in subamniotic tissue. | # PMNs - in subamniotic tissue. | ||
# 1 or 2 + necrosis in decidua or chorion/subamniotic tissue. | # 1 or 2 + necrosis in decidua or chorion/subamniotic tissue. | ||
Chorioamnionitis<ref> | Chorioamnionitis:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_2311>{{Ref Sternberg4|2311}}</ref> | ||
# placental chorionic plate only. | # placental chorionic plate only. | ||
# 1 + subamniotic tissue. | # 1 + subamniotic tissue. | ||
# 1 or 2 + necrosis or abscess. | # 1 or 2 + necrosis or abscess. | ||
Sternberg separates ''vasculitis'' and ''funisitis'' without really explaining the terms<ref> | Sternberg separates ''vasculitis'' and ''funisitis'' without really explaining the terms<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_2311>{{Ref Sternberg4|2311}}</ref> -- I presume: | ||
''vasculitis'' = inflammation of vessels in the umbilical cord. | ''vasculitis'' = inflammation of vessels in the umbilical cord. | ||
''funisitis'' = inflammation of the cord (vessels and Wharton jelly). | ''funisitis'' = inflammation of the cord (vessels and Wharton jelly). | ||
Umbilical cord vasculitis:<ref> | Umbilical cord vasculitis:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_2311>{{Ref Sternberg4|2311}}</ref> | ||
* +0.5 for each vessel. | * +0.5 for each vessel. | ||
* +0.5 for each vessel with severe involvement. | * +0.5 for each vessel with severe involvement. | ||
Umbilical funisitis:<ref> | Umbilical funisitis:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_2311>{{Ref Sternberg4|2311}}</ref> | ||
# focal inflammation. | # focal inflammation. | ||
# diffuse inflammation. | # diffuse inflammation. | ||