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Difference between revisions of "Parathyroid glands"
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m (→Hypercalcemia DDx: subheading) |
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=Clinical= | =Clinical= | ||
== | ==Hyperparathyroidism== | ||
===Classification=== | ===Classification=== | ||
*Primary. | *Primary. | ||
*Secondary. | *Secondary. | ||
*Tertiary. | *Tertiary. | ||
====Hypercalcemia DDx==== | |||
Mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref>TN06 Emerg.</ref> | |||
*Granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, [[sarcoidosis]]). | |||
*Renal disease. | |||
*Immobility. | |||
*Malignancy (esp. squamous cell carcinoma, [[plasmacytoma]]). | |||
*Endocrine (primary hyperparathyroidism, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)). | |||
*Drugs (thiazides ... others). | |||
Note: | |||
*Hyperparathyroidism and FHH are assoc. with an increased PTH.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1129>{{ref PBoD8|1129}}</ref> | |||
**Other causes are assoc. with a decreased PTH. | |||
====Primary hyperparathyroidism==== | ====Primary hyperparathyroidism==== | ||
| Line 21: | Line 34: | ||
**CASR (calcium sensing receptor) gene defect.<ref name=omim601199>{{OMIM|601199}}</ref> | **CASR (calcium sensing receptor) gene defect.<ref name=omim601199>{{OMIM|601199}}</ref> | ||
== | ==Hypoparathyroidism== | ||
*Rare vis-à-vis hyperparathyroidism. | |||
*Classically iatrogenic, i.e. the surgeon removing 'em.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1129>{{Ref PBoD8|1129}}</ref> | |||
Other causes:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1130>{{Ref PBoD8|1130}}</ref> | |||
*Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism. | |||
** | *Autosomal dominat hypoparathyroidism. | ||
*Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. | |||
*Congenital absence ([[DiGeorge syndrome]]). | |||
=Normal parathyroid glands= | =Normal parathyroid glands= | ||