Difference between revisions of "Parathyroid carcinoma"

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Parathyroid carcinoma (view source)

Revision as of 22:28, 9 October 2021

3,929 bytes added ,  22:28, 9 October 2021
m
no edit summary
(split out)
m
 
(18 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Parathyroid carcinoma - 1 -- high mag.jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Parathyroid carcinoma. [[H&E stain]].
| Synonyms  =
| Micro      = vascular invasion, local invasion, metastases; nuclear atypia ''not'' diagnostic
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      = [[parathyroid adenoma]], [[parathyroid hyperplasia]], thyroid lesions
| Stains    =
| IHC        = [[PAX8]] +ve, Ki-67 >6% +ve, [[GATA3]] +ve, parafibromin -ve
| EM        =
| Molecular  = +/-HRPT2 gene mutations
| IF        =
| Gross      =
| Grossing  =
| Staging    =
| Site      = [[parathyroid gland]]
| Assdx      =
| Syndromes  = familial primary hyperparathyroidism
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  =
| Prevalence = very rare
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  = poor
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    = [[parathyroid adenoma]], [[parathyroid hyperplasia]], [[thyroid cancer]]
| Tx        = surgical excision
}}
'''Parathyroid carcinoma''' is a rare epithelial malignancy of the [[parathyroid gland]].
'''Parathyroid carcinoma''' is a rare epithelial malignancy of the [[parathyroid gland]].


==General==
==General==
*Extremely rare.
*Extremely rare.
*May be seen in the context of ''familial primary hyperparathyroidism'' (PHPT).<ref name=pmid28949121>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Cetani | first1 = F. | last2 = Pardi | first2 = E. | last3 = Marcocci | first3 = C. | title = Parathyroid carcinoma: a clinical and genetic perspective. | journal = Minerva Endocrinol | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 144-155 | month = Jun | year = 2018 | doi = 10.23736/S0391-1977.17.02737-7 | PMID = 28949121 }}</ref>


==Microscopic==
==Microscopic==
Line 12: Line 45:
*+/-[[Metastasis]] - '''diagnostic feature'''.
*+/-[[Metastasis]] - '''diagnostic feature'''.


Note:
DDx:
*Diagnosis of ''parathyroid carcinoma'' is like that of ''malignant [[pheochromocytoma]]'' - cytology useless, tissue invasion and metastases are the key features.
*[[Parathyroid adenoma]].
*[[Parathyroid hyperplasia]].
*[[Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma]] and other thyroid cancers.


===Images===
===Images===
<gallery>
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 1 -- low mag.jpg | PC - low mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 1 -- intermed mag.jpg | PC - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 1 - alt -- intermed mag.jpg | PC - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 1 -- high mag.jpg | PC - high mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 1 -- very high mag.jpg | PC - very high mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 2 -- low mag.jpg | PC - low mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 2 -- intermed mag.jpg | PC - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 3 -- very low mag.jpg | PC - very low mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 3 -- low mag.jpg | PC - low mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 3 -- intermed mag.jpg | PC - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Parathyroid carcinoma - 3 -- high mag.jpg | PC - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
*[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280908-overview Parathyroid carcinoma (medscape.com)].
*[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280908-overview Parathyroid carcinoma (medscape.com)].


Line 21: Line 72:
*Ki-67 >6% of cells positive - supports diagnosis.<ref name=pmid7860042>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Abbona | first1 = GC. | last2 = Papotti | first2 = M. | last3 = Gasparri | first3 = G. | last4 = Bussolati | first4 = G. | title = Proliferative activity in parathyroid tumors as detected by Ki-67 immunostaining. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 135-8 | month = Feb | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7860042 }}</ref>
*Ki-67 >6% of cells positive - supports diagnosis.<ref name=pmid7860042>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Abbona | first1 = GC. | last2 = Papotti | first2 = M. | last3 = Gasparri | first3 = G. | last4 = Bussolati | first4 = G. | title = Proliferative activity in parathyroid tumors as detected by Ki-67 immunostaining. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 135-8 | month = Feb | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7860042 }}</ref>
**Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasias ~ 3%.
**Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasias ~ 3%.
*[[PAX8]] +ve.<ref name=pmid22498579>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ordóñez | first1 = NG. | title = Value of PAX 8 immunostaining in tumor diagnosis: a review and update. | journal = Adv Anat Pathol | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 140-51 | month = May | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1097/PAP.0b013e318253465d | PMID = 22498579 }}</ref>
*GATA3 +ve.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Ordóñez NG |title=Value of GATA3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of parathyroid tumors |journal=Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=756–61 |date=2014 |pmid=25046229 |doi=10.1097/PAI.0000000000000007 |url=}}</ref>
*Parafibromin -ve.<ref name=pmid15475453>{{cite journal |authors=Tan MH, Morrison C, Wang P, Yang X, Haven CJ, Zhang C, Zhao P, Tretiakova MS, Korpi-Hyovalti E, Burgess JR, Soo KC, Cheah WK, Cao B, Resau J, Morreau H, Teh BT |title=Loss of parafibromin immunoreactivity is a distinguishing feature of parathyroid carcinoma |journal=Clin Cancer Res |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=6629–37 |date=October 2004 |pmid=15475453 |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0493 |url=}}</ref>
==Molecular==
*HRPT2 gene mutations (10 of 15 sporadic cases of parathyroid carcinoma).<ref name=pmid14585940>{{cite journal |authors=Shattuck TM, Välimäki S, Obara T, Gaz RD, Clark OH, Shoback D, Wierman ME, Tojo K, Robbins CM, Carpten JD, Farnebo LO, Larsson C, Arnold A |title=Somatic and germ-line mutations of the HRPT2 gene in sporadic parathyroid carcinoma |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=349 |issue=18 |pages=1722–9 |date=October 2003 |pmid=14585940 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa031237 |url=}}</ref>
Note:
*The HRPT2 gene encodes the parafibromin protein.<ref name=pmid14585940/>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Parathyroid gland]].
*[[Parathyroid gland]].
*[[Endocrine atypia]].


==References==
==References==
Michael
48,470

edits

Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/44880...51486"

Navigation menu