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→Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: +I-CAA
Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (→Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: +I-CAA) |
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*Viral encephalitis (Neurotrophic viruses):<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ludlow | first1 = M. | last2 = Kortekaas | first2 = J. | last3 = Herden | first3 = C. | last4 = Hoffmann | first4 = B. | last5 = Tappe | first5 = D. | last6 = Trebst | first6 = C. | last7 = Griffin | first7 = DE. | last8 = Brindle | first8 = HE. | last9 = Solomon | first9 = T. | title = Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology. | journal = Acta Neuropathol | volume = 131 | issue = 2 | pages = 159-84 | month = Feb | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1007/s00401-015-1511-3 | PMID = 26659576 }}</ref> | *Viral encephalitis (Neurotrophic viruses):<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ludlow | first1 = M. | last2 = Kortekaas | first2 = J. | last3 = Herden | first3 = C. | last4 = Hoffmann | first4 = B. | last5 = Tappe | first5 = D. | last6 = Trebst | first6 = C. | last7 = Griffin | first7 = DE. | last8 = Brindle | first8 = HE. | last9 = Solomon | first9 = T. | title = Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology. | journal = Acta Neuropathol | volume = 131 | issue = 2 | pages = 159-84 | month = Feb | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1007/s00401-015-1511-3 | PMID = 26659576 }}</ref> | ||
** Eteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. | |||
***Coxackie Virus. | |||
***Enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) virus. | |||
** Human Herpesviruses (HSV1, HSV2, VZV, CMV, EBV, Roseola) | ** Human Herpesviruses (HSV1, HSV2, VZV, CMV, EBV, Roseola) | ||
*** HSV encephalitis has high mortality without acyclovir treatment. | *** HSV encephalitis has high mortality without acyclovir treatment. | ||
** Measles virus( worldwide more than 100.000 deaths | ** Measles virus(worldwide more than 100.000 deaths annually). | ||
***Is linked to [[acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis]] (ADEM) and Subacute sclerosing encephalitis (SSPE). | ***Is linked to [[acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis]] (ADEM) and Subacute sclerosing encephalitis (SSPE). | ||
** Seasonal influenza A virus (highest patogenic potential: avian influenza H5N1). | ** Seasonal influenza A virus (highest patogenic potential: avian influenza H5N1). | ||
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====IHC==== | ====IHC==== | ||
*Abeta-amyloid (AKA beta-amyloid). | *Abeta-amyloid (AKA beta-amyloid). | ||
===Cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with inflammation (I-CAA)=== | |||
* Cognitive decline. | |||
* Microbleedings in MRI. | |||
* Responsive to steroids. | |||
* Abeta deposits in vessels. | |||
* Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (but no vasculitis!). | |||
* Giant cells may be present. | |||
===Vascular malformations=== | ===Vascular malformations=== | ||
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{{Main|Neurodegenerative diseases}} | {{Main|Neurodegenerative diseases}} | ||
This is a hueueuge topic. It is covered in its own article and includes a general discussion of dementia. | This is a hueueuge topic. It is covered in its own article and includes a general discussion of dementia. | ||
==Epilepsy== | |||
{{Main|Epilepsy}} | |||
==Epilepsy== | ==Epilepsy== | ||
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File:FCDIIa neuronal heterotopia neun.jpg|Heterotopic neurons (NeuN) | File:FCDIIa neuronal heterotopia neun.jpg|Heterotopic neurons (NeuN) | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
===Hamartia=== | |||
* Small collection of ectopic glioneuronal cells. | |||
**Morpholology resembling oligodendroglial-like cells. <ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kasper | first1 = BS. | last2 = Stefan | first2 = H. | last3 = Buchfelder | first3 = M. | last4 = Paulus | first4 = W. | title = Temporal lobe microdysgenesis in epilepsy versus control brains. | journal = J Neuropathol Exp Neurol | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 22-8 | month = Jan | year = 1999 | doi = | PMID = 10068310 }}</ref> | |||
* Mostly amygdala, less common in hippocampus or temporal lobe. | |||
* Can coexist with focal cortical dysplasia. | |||
==Demyelination== | ==Demyelination== | ||