Difference between revisions of "Neuropathology"

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→‎Vascular malformations: split-out as separate article
(→‎Vascular malformations: split-out as separate article)
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*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebral_amyloid_angiopathy_-_low_mag.jpg CAA - low mag. (WC)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebral_amyloid_angiopathy_-_low_mag.jpg CAA - low mag. (WC)].


=Vascular malformations=
==Vascular malformations==
{{Main|Vascular malformations}}
Types:<ref name=pmid17076525>{{cite journal |author=Prayson RA, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK |title=An algorithmic approach to the brain biopsy--part II |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=130 |issue=11 |pages=1639–48 |year=2006 |month=November |pmid=17076525 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Types:<ref name=pmid17076525>{{cite journal |author=Prayson RA, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK |title=An algorithmic approach to the brain biopsy--part II |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=130 |issue=11 |pages=1639–48 |year=2006 |month=November |pmid=17076525 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
#Arteriovenous malformation.
#Arteriovenous malformation.
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Also see: ''[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]''.
Also see: ''[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]''.
==Arteriovenous malformation==
===General===
*High risk for bleeding vis-a-vis other vascular malformations.
===Gross===
Features:<ref name=pmid17076525>{{cite journal |author=Prayson RA, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK |title=An algorithmic approach to the brain biopsy--part II |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=130 |issue=11 |pages=1639–48 |year=2006 |month=November |pmid=17076525 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Classically wedge-shaped - with base toward superficial aspect and apex toward deep aspect (like pulmonary infarcts).
*Usually middle cerebral artery distribution.
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Large vessels with eccentric wall thickening.
**"Large" = ~ 0.5 mm (0.25-1.0 mm).
***0.25 mm = ~ 31 RBC diameters across.
Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg Cerebral AVM (WC)].
Notes:
*There is usually one feeding artery.
**The [[artery]] is often not seen.
*Arteries have a well-defined internal elastic lamina and an external elastic lamina (best seen on elastic trichrome).
**[[Vein]]s do not have an external elastic lamina and have a poorly developed/thin internal elastic lamina.
==Cavernous angioma==
===General===
*Usually diagnosed by radiology.
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Vessels back-to-back/little intervening parenchyma.
**Muscle is absent in the vessel walls - '''key feature'''.<ref>MUN. 23 November 2010.</ref>


=Paediatric pathology=
=Paediatric pathology=
Michael
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