Difference between revisions of "Neurohistology"

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Neurohistology (view source)

Revision as of 12:34, 17 October 2022

1,431 bytes added ,  12:34, 17 October 2022
→‎Glial cells: microglia
(→‎Glial cells: microglia)
 
(13 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 18: Line 18:
**Small round nuclei (lymphocyte-like nucleus) - '''key feature'''.
**Small round nuclei (lymphocyte-like nucleus) - '''key feature'''.
**May resemble a ''fried egg'' on H&E (clear cytoplasm, central nucleus).
**May resemble a ''fried egg'' on H&E (clear cytoplasm, central nucleus).
**Image: [http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/libraries/courses/neuroslides/lab1a/images/1-11.png oligodendrocyte urmc.rochester.edu]
*Astrocyte.
*Astrocyte.
**Irregular non-ovoid nucleus - '''key feature'''.
**Irregular non-ovoid nucleus - '''key feature'''.
Line 29: Line 30:
***Often have vesicles.
***Often have vesicles.
**Rarely seen in normal tissue.
**Rarely seen in normal tissue.
**Three morphologic types:
***Ramified microglia.
***Hypertrophic microglia.
***Dystrophic microglia - often seen in neurodegnerative disease.
*Ependyma.
*Ependyma.
**Simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium.
**Simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium.
**Image: [http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/sbumcfiles/images/221-001.jpg Ependyma (stonybrookmedicalcenter.org)].
**Image: [http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/sbumcfiles/images/221-001.jpg Ependyma (stonybrookmedicalcenter.org)].
*Choroid plexus.
**Specialized ependymal cells
**Cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue.
**Ventricular location.
=====Images=====
[[File:Blausen 0870 TypesofNeuroglia.png |500px| Types of neuroglia (WC/Blausen)]]
<gallery>
File:Astrocytes.jpg | Astrocytes highlighted by GFAP (WC/Jeffery J. Iliff)
Image:Oligodendrocyte_HE_stain_high_mag.jpg | Oligodendrocytes with fried-egg appearance (WC/jensflorian)
Image:Ependyma.png|Ependymal cells. (WC/marvin101)
File:Psammoma bodies in the choroid plexus, HE.JPG | Choroid plexus (WC/Patho)
File:Mikroglej 1.jpg | Microglial cells, Lectin stain (WC/Grzegorz Wicher)
</gallery>


===Peripheral nervous system===
===Peripheral nervous system===
Line 39: Line 57:
*Large round nucleus with prominent nucleolus - '''key feature'''.
*Large round nucleus with prominent nucleolus - '''key feature'''.
*Abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm.
*Abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm.
 
====Schwann cell====
*Principal glia of the PNS.
*Myelinated or unmyelinated.
*Ovoid, wavy nuclei.
*Cells have a basal membrane.
*Found in peripheral nerves.
*Aka ''neurolemmocytes''.
=====Images=====
=====Images=====
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Ganglion_very_high_mag.jpg | Ganglion - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Ganglion_very_high_mag.jpg | Ganglion - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Peripheral nerve, cross section.jpg | Peripheral nerve - cross section. (WC/Reytan)
File:Nerve root - very high mag.jpg | Nerve root HPS stain (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 123: Line 149:
Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_high_mag.jpg | Grey-white matter interface - high mag. (WC)
Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_high_mag.jpg | Grey-white matter interface - high mag. (WC)
Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Grey and white matter - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Grey and white matter - intermed. mag. (WC)
File:LFB_CNS_cortex_supratentorial.jpg | Normal cortex - LFB. (WC/jensflorian)
File:LFB_CNS_cortex_grey-white_matter_junction.jpg | White-grey matter junction - LFB. (WC/jensflorian)
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 195: Line 223:
#*Transitions to the six layers in the ''entorhinal cortex''.
#*Transitions to the six layers in the ''entorhinal cortex''.
#**No vacuolated looking stuff next to it.
#**No vacuolated looking stuff next to it.
Images:
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brainmaps-macaque-hippocampus.jpg Hippocampus - frontal section (WP)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg Hippocampus - good schematic (WC)].
*[http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content-nw/full/28/5/958/F1 Hippocampus (ajnr.org)].
*[http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/schubert-stephan-nicolas-2003-09-26/HTML/schubert_html_21d219b1.png Hippocampus and subiculum (hu-berlin.de)].
*[http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-800epi/br-800epi1.gif Hippocampus - crappy schematic (ucsd.edu)].


Important notes:
Important notes:
Line 207: Line 228:
*CA2 - resistant to ischemia.
*CA2 - resistant to ischemia.
*CA4 - involved in [[epilepsy]],<ref name=pmid3518570>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ingvar | first1 = M. | title = Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate during seizures. Relationship to epileptic brain damage. | journal = Ann N Y Acad Sci | volume = 462 | issue =  | pages = 194-206 | month =  | year = 1986 | doi =  | PMID = 3518570 }}</ref> usu. normal in degenerative diseases.<ref>D. Munoz. 27 July 2011.</ref>
*CA4 - involved in [[epilepsy]],<ref name=pmid3518570>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ingvar | first1 = M. | title = Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate during seizures. Relationship to epileptic brain damage. | journal = Ann N Y Acad Sci | volume = 462 | issue =  | pages = 194-206 | month =  | year = 1986 | doi =  | PMID = 3518570 }}</ref> usu. normal in degenerative diseases.<ref>D. Munoz. 27 July 2011.</ref>
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Brainmaps-macaque-hippocampus.jpg | Hippocampus - frontal section. (WC)
Image:Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg | Hippocampus - schematic. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content-nw/full/28/5/958/F1 Hippocampus (ajnr.org)].
*[http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/schubert-stephan-nicolas-2003-09-26/HTML/schubert_html_21d219b1.png Hippocampus and subiculum (hu-berlin.de)].
*[http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-800epi/br-800epi1.gif Hippocampus - crappy schematic (ucsd.edu)].


===Layers of CA<ref name=Ref_PSNP25>{{Ref PSNP|25}}</ref>===
===Layers of CA<ref name=Ref_PSNP25>{{Ref PSNP|25}}</ref>===
Line 226: Line 256:
**Small neurons.
**Small neurons.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dentate_nucleus_-_cerebellum_-_intermed_mag.jpg Dentate nucleus of the cerebellum - intermed. mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dentate_nucleus_-_cerebellum_-_high_mag.jpg Dentate nucleus of the cerebellum - high mag. (WC)].
Image:Dentate_nucleus_-_cerebellum_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Dentate nucleus of the cerebellum - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Dentate_nucleus_-_cerebellum_-_high_mag.jpg | Dentate nucleus of the cerebellum - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>


===Cerebellar cortex===  
===Cerebellar cortex===  
Line 242: Line 274:
*#**May look like small cell carcinoma to the uninitiated.  
*#**May look like small cell carcinoma to the uninitiated.  
*#*Golgi cells (interneurons) - few in number, elongated/columnar, 3-5x size of granule cell.
*#*Golgi cells (interneurons) - few in number, elongated/columnar, 3-5x size of granule cell.
*Images:
**[http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/sbumcfiles/images/227_001.jpg Cerebellar cortex - micrograph with labels (stonybrookmedicalcenter.org)].
**[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Gray706.png Cerebellar cortex - schematic (Gray's Anatomy - WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebellar_cortex_-_intermed_mag.jpg Cerebellar cortex - intermed. mag. (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebellum_-_biel_-_high_mag.jpg Cerebellar cortex - high mag. - Bielschowsky stain (WC)].


Notes:
Notes:
*''Bergmann glia'' are found between the molecular layer & granular layer.  They are normally not seen.  They are increased & prominent in pathologic states (e.g. ischemia); "[[Bergmann gliosis]]".<ref name=Ref_PSNP18>{{Ref PSNP|18}}</ref>
*''Bergmann glia'' are found between the molecular layer & granular layer.  They are normally not seen.  They are increased & prominent in pathologic states (e.g. ischemia); "[[Bergmann gliosis]]".<ref name=Ref_PSNP18>{{Ref PSNP|18}}</ref>
====Images====
www:
*[http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/sbumcfiles/images/227_001.jpg Cerebellar cortex - micrograph with labels (stonybrookmedicalcenter.org)].
<gallery>
Image:Gray706.png | Cerebellar cortex - schematic. (Gray's Anatomy/WC)
Image:Cerebellar_cortex_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Cerebellar cortex - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Cerebellum_-_biel_-_high_mag.jpg | Cerebellar cortex - high mag. [[Bielschowsky stain]]. (WC)
</gallery>


==Cerebral cortex==
==Cerebral cortex==
Line 351: Line 387:
www:
www:
*[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/File:Bouret_LC_anat2.jpg LC - labeled on MRI - (scholarpedia.org)].
*[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/File:Bouret_LC_anat2.jpg LC - labeled on MRI - (scholarpedia.org)].
*[http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/etud/pharmaco/media/locussag.jpg LC - labeled on MRI (univ-rennes1.fr)].<ref>URL: [http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/etud/pharmaco/media/alzheimerGB.htm#Locus%20coeruleus http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/etud/pharmaco/media/alzheimerGB.htm#Locus%20coeruleus]. Accessed on: 4 December 2010.</ref>


==Medulla oblongata==
==Medulla oblongata==
Line 370: Line 405:
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg | Medulla oblongata - very low mag. (WC)
Image:Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg | Medulla oblongata - very low mag. (WC)
</gallery>
==Pituitary gland==
===Anatomy===
*Located in sella turcica below optic chiasm.
*Anterior lobe is epithelial.
*Posterior lobe is neuroepithelial.
*The infundibulum connects the pituitary to the brain
Schematic: [[File:Gray1181.png Pituitary gland - Gray's anatomy (WC)]].
====Images====
<gallery>
File:Anterior and posterior pituitary.jpg | Anterior & posterior pituitary. (WC)
File:Adenohypofýza HE.jpg | Adenohypophysis. (WC/Držiak)
</gallery>
</gallery>


Jensflorian
Account-creators
1,040

edits

Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/30636...52172"

Navigation menu