Neuroendocrine neoplasms
Neuroendocrine neoplasms, also neuroendocrine tumours, are a group of tumours whose behaviour varies from benign to malignant and are found in may different sites.
Carcinoid is a term whose use is discouraged.
These tumours arise from epithelium; thus, malignant tumours in this group are referred to as neuroendocrine carcinomas.
Use of the term carcinoid
Use of the term carcinoid is discouraged (in pathology reports).[1][2][3]
Carcinoid syndrome
Cause:
- Neuroendocrine tumour -> hormone secretion (5-hydroxytryptamine + others).[4]
Classic pathologic finding:[4]
- Fibrosis of cardiac valves (tricuspid and pulmonary).
- Result TIPS = tricuspid insufficiency pulmonary stenosis.
Clinical features:[4]
- Diarrhea, flushing and wheezing.
Microscopic - generic
Features:
- Nests of cells.
- Stippled chromatin AKA salt-and-pepper chromatin, coarse chromatin.
- Classically subepithelial/mural.
Images:
- WC:
- www:
Site specific
Lung
GI tract
WHO classification
Subtypes:[6]
- Neuroendocrine tumour G1.
- Neuroendocrine tumor G2.
- Neuroendocrine carcinoma, small cell type.
- Neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell type.
- Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma.
Further reading:
Volante, M.; Righi, L.; Berruti, A.; Rindi, G.; Papotti, M. (Apr 2011). "The pathological diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors: common questions and tentative answers.". Virchows Arch 458 (4): 393-402. doi:10.1007/s00428-011-1060-7. PMID 21344263.
Pancreatic
See also
References
- ↑ Chetty, R. (Apr 2008). "Requiem for the term 'carcinoid tumour' in the gastrointestinal tract?". Can J Gastroenterol 22 (4): 357-8. PMID 18414708.
- ↑ Klöppel, G.; Perren, A.; Heitz, PU. (Apr 2004). "The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors: the WHO classification.". Ann N Y Acad Sci 1014: 13-27. PMID 15153416.
- ↑ Klöppel G (July 2003). "[Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]" (in German). Pathologe 24 (4): 287–96. doi:10.1007/s00292-003-0636-7. PMID 14513276.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Druce, M.; Rockall, A.; Grossman, AB. (May 2009). "Fibrosis and carcinoid syndrome: from causation to future therapy.". Nat Rev Endocrinol 5 (5): 276-83. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.51. PMID 19444261.
- ↑ URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case7.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case7.html}. Accessed on: 17 December 2011.
- ↑ Scoazec, JY.; Couvelard, A. (Apr 2011). "[The new WHO classification of digestive neuroendocrine tumors].". Ann Pathol 31 (2): 88-92. doi:10.1016/j.annpat.2011.01.001. PMID 21601112.