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A '''negative appendectomy''' is an appendectomy done for presumed [[acute appendicitis]] that yields an appendix, that on [[pathology]], is within normal limits. | |||
==General== | |||
*Relatively common. | |||
**Rate higher with ultrasound (US) than computed tomography (CT) (8% versus 4% in one series<ref name=pmid26990317>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = J. | last2 = Ko | first2 = Y. | last3 = Ahn | first3 = S. | last4 = Park | first4 = JH. | last5 = Kim | first5 = HJ. | last6 = Hwang | first6 = SS. | last7 = Lee | first7 = KH. | title = Comparison of US and CT on the effect on negative appendectomy and appendiceal perforation in adolescents and adults: A post-hoc analysis using propensity-score methods. | journal = J Clin Ultrasound | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Mar | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1002/jcu.22351 | PMID = 26990317 }}</ref>). | |||
**Rate higher in females than males (33% versus 12% in an Indian series assessed with US<ref name=pmid27011482>{{Cite journal | last1 = Joshi | first1 = MK. | last2 = Joshi | first2 = R. | last3 = Alam | first3 = SE. | last4 = Agarwal | first4 = S. | last5 = Kumar | first5 = S. | title = Negative Appendectomy: an Audit of Resident-Performed Surgery. How Can Its Incidence Be Minimized? | journal = Indian J Surg | volume = 77 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = 913-7 | month = Dec | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1007/s12262-014-1063-0 | PMID = 27011482 }}</ref>). | |||
*Used for quality control among general surgeons. | |||
==Gross== | |||
See ''[[normal vermiform appendix]]''. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Fecal-impacted appendix.<ref name=pmid17875592>{{Cite journal | last1 = Park | first1 = NH. | last2 = Park | first2 = CS. | last3 = Lee | first3 = EJ. | last4 = Kim | first4 = MS. | last5 = Ryu | first5 = JA. | last6 = Bae | first6 = JM. | last7 = Song | first7 = JS. | title = Ultrasonographic findings identifying the faecal-impacted appendix: differential findings with acute appendicitis. | journal = Br J Radiol | volume = 80 | issue = 959 | pages = 872-7 | month = Nov | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1259/bjr/80553348 | PMID = 17875592 }}</ref> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
See ''[[normal vermiform appendix]]''. | |||
Notes: | |||
*Should be ''[[submitted in total]]''. | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Acute appendicitis]]. | |||
*[[Interval appendectomy]] - clinical history is essential. | |||
**Often have chronic inflammation and fibrosis. May have active inflammation. | |||
*[[Adenovirus appendicitis]]. | |||
*[[Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumour]]. | |||
*Non-appendiceal pathology - see DDx of ''[[acute appendicitis]]. | |||
**Isolated [[periappendicitis]]. | |||
*[[Crypt cell carcinoma]] - [[AKA]] ''goblet cell carcinoid''. | |||
*Appendix with ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' - organisms in the lumen of the appendix. | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
Vermiform Appendix, Appendectomy: | |||
- Appendix within normal limits. | |||
- One benign lymph node. | |||
- NEGATIVE for acute appendicitis and NEGATIVE for periappendicitis. | |||
Comment: | |||
The specimen was submitted in total. | |||
</pre> | |||
====Block letters==== | |||
<pre> | |||
VERMIFORM APPENDIX, APPENDECTOMY: | |||
- APPENDIX NEGATIVE FOR ACUTE APPENDICITIS AND NEGATIVE FOR ACUTE PERIAPPENDICITIS. | |||
</pre> | |||
<pre> | |||
VERMIFORM APPENDIX, APPENDECTOMY: | |||
- APPENDIX WITH LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA AND FOCAL MUCOSAL EROSIONS. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR ACUTE APPENDICITIS. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR ACUTE PERIAPPENDICITIS. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Micro=== | |||
The sections show appendiceal wall with focal mucosa erosions and several intraluminal | |||
neutrophil clusters. Lymphoid hyperplasia is present. Fecal material is present within | |||
the lumen of the appendix. | |||
There are no neutrophils within the muscularis propria. There is no serositis. There is | |||
no distortion of the crypt architecture. No granulomas are identified. No cryptitis is | |||
identified. | |||
====Alternate==== | |||
The sections show appendiceal wall without increased numbers of neutrophils. The | |||
appendiceal lumen has cellular debris and inflammatory cells. The mucosa has prominent lymphoid tissue | |||
with germinal centre formation. | |||
No intraluminal pathologic micro-organisms are seen. There is no serositis. There is no | |||
distortion of the crypt architecture. No granulomas are identified. No cryptitis | |||
is identified. | |||
====Suspected fecal impaction==== | |||
The sections show appendiceal wall without increased numbers of neutrophils. The appendiceal lumen has compact fecal material, cellular debris and inflammatory cells. The mucosa has prominent lymphoid tissue with germinal centre formation. | |||
No intraluminal pathologic micro-organisms are seen. There is no serositis. There is no distortion of the crypt architecture. No granulomas are identified. No cryptitis is identified. No mass lesion is present. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Normal appendix]]. | |||
*[[Vermiform appendix]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|1}} | |||
[[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]] | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | |||