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# | '''Multiple sclerosis''', abbreviated '''MS''', is a chronic inflammatory condition of the central nervous system. | ||
==General== | |||
*A bread 'n butter disease of neurology in Canada. | |||
Clinical: | |||
*CSF: oligoclonal bands of immunoglobulin.<ref>{{Ref PBoD8|1311}}</ref> | |||
Classification of MS lesions: | |||
*Early active. | |||
*Inactive. | |||
*Early remyelinating. | |||
*Late remyelinating. | |||
==Radiologic/Gross== | |||
Features:<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ms/path.html http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ms/path.html]. Accessed on: 12 July 2010.</ref> | |||
*White matter lesions. | |||
**Cerebrum (classically): periventricular distribution. | |||
**Optic nerves (optic neuritis) - classic presentation. | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ms/path.html http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ms/path.html]. Accessed on: 12 July 2010.</ref> | |||
*Perivascular inflammation. | |||
**Esp. lymphocytes. | |||
*Demyelination. | |||
**Subcortical myelinated fibers are often spared. | |||
Chronic lesions - specific features:<ref>{{Ref APBR|425 Q43}}</ref> | |||
#Macrophages. | |||
#Astrocyte enlargement. | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[ADEM]]. | |||
*[[Neuromyelitis optica]]. | |||
*[[Lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Diffuse astrocytoma]]. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: MS_Demyelinisation_CD68_10xv2.jpg | Demyelination in MS - CD68 stain. (WC/Marvin 101) | |||
Image: MS Demyelinisation KB 10x.jpg | Demyelination in MS - KB stain. (WC/Marvin 101) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case79.html Multiple sclerosis masquerading as a diffuse astrocytoma - several images (upmc.edu)]. | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case636.html Tumefactive multiple sclerosis - several images (upmc.edu)]. | |||
==IHC== | |||
*HAM-56 - macrophages. | |||
*CD8 - lymphocytes. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Neuropathology]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|1}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | |||
[[Category:Neuropathology]] | |||