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Difference between revisions of "Leydig cell hyperplasia"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | {{ Infobox diagnosis | ||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
| Image = | | Image = Leydig cell hyperplasia -- low mag.jpg | ||
| Width = | | Width = | ||
| Caption = | | Caption = Leydig cell hyperplasia. [[H&E stain]]. (WC) | ||
| Synonyms = | | Synonyms = | ||
| Micro = abundant Leydig cells interspersed between seminiferous tubules with only Sertoli cells, Leydig cells do not displace or compress the seminiferous tubules | | Micro = abundant Leydig cells interspersed between seminiferous tubules with only Sertoli cells, Leydig cells do not displace or compress the seminiferous tubules | ||
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==General== | ==General== | ||
* | *Benign. | ||
*Uncommonly seen in isolation by pathology. | |||
A longer list of causes:<ref name=pmid9488073>{{Cite journal | last1 = Naughton | first1 = CK. | last2 = Nadler | first2 = RB. | last3 = Basler | first3 = JW. | last4 = Humphrey | first4 = PA. | title = Leydig cell hyperplasia. | journal = Br J Urol | volume = 81 | issue = 2 | pages = 282-9 | month = Feb | year = 1998 | doi = 10.1046/j.1464-410X.1998.00503.x | PMID = 9488073 }}</ref> | |||
*Congenital (primary). | |||
*Secondary causes: | |||
**Germ cell loss/decrease: | |||
***[[Cryptorchidism]]. | |||
***Advanced age. | |||
**Endocrine-related: | |||
***Adrenal hyperplasia. | |||
***Excess hCG - exogenous or tumour. | |||
Other associations:<ref name=pmid9488073/> | |||
*[[Klinefelter's syndrome]].<ref name=pmid26209412>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sterbis | first1 = J. | last2 = E-Nunu | first2 = T. | title = Leydig cell hyperplasia in the setting of Klinefelter syndrome. | journal = BMJ Case Rep | volume = 2015 | issue = | pages = | month = | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1136/bcr-2015-209805 | PMID = 26209412 }}</ref> | |||
*[[Pernicious anemia]]. | |||
*[[Alcoholism]]. | |||
*Infection - [[syphilis]], [[tuberculosis]]. | |||
==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||
*Unremarkable gross appearance | Features: | ||
*Unremarkable gross appearance of parenchyma. (???) | |||
*Normal or small testis. (???) | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
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Features: | Features: | ||
*Abundant Leydig cells interspersed between seminiferous tubules with only Sertoli cells. | *Abundant Leydig cells interspersed between seminiferous tubules with only Sertoli cells. | ||
* | **Leydig cells do ''not'' displace or compress the seminiferous tubules. | ||
Note: | Note: | ||
| Line 52: | Line 71: | ||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
*[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | *[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | ||
*[[Testicular adrenal rest tumour]]. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Leydig cell hyperplasia -- very low mag.jpg | LCH - very low mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Leydig cell hyperplasia - alt -- very low mag.jpg | LCH - very low mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Leydig cell hyperplasia -- low mag.jpg | LCH - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Leydig cell hyperplasia -- intermed mag.jpg | LCH - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Leydig cell hyperplasia -- high mag.jpg | LCH - high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Leydig cell hyperplasia - alt -- high mag.jpg | LCH - high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||
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Immunostains confirm the morphologic impression. | Immunostains confirm the morphologic impression. | ||
The Leydig cells are POSITIVE for inhibin, calretinin and melan A. | The Leydig cells are POSITIVE for inhibin, calretinin and melan A. The section is | ||
NEGATIVE for D2-40 | NEGATIVE for PLAP and has a benign pattern for D2-40. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||