KRAS mutation
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KRAS mutation is a re-occuring theme in molecular pathology. KRAS is an oncogene.[1]
General
Kirsten RAS (KRAS) is a member of the Ras gene familiy, which encodes small G proteins with intrinsic GTPase activity.
Seen in:
Not seen in the context of:
- ALK rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer.[3]
- Almost mutually exclusive to BRAF (V600E) in colon cancer.[4]
Implication
In the context of colorectal carcinoma:[5][6]
- Patient must have wild type KRAS to get drugs; KRAS mutation predicts resistance to cetuximab (Erbitux) and panitumumab (Vectibix).
Gross
In colorectal carcinoma:
- Typically right sided lesions.[4]
Microscopic
Features:
- In lung adenocarcinoma:
- Typically mucinous carcinoma.[7]
- Associated with tumour-infiltrating leukocytes.[8]
- In colorectal carcinoma:
See also
References
- ↑ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 190070
- ↑ Monzon, FA.; Ogino, S.; Hammond, ME.; Halling, KC.; Bloom, KJ.; Nikiforova, MN. (Oct 2009). "The role of KRAS mutation testing in the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 133 (10): 1600-6. doi:10.1043/1543-2165-133.10.1600. PMID 19792050.
- ↑ Gainor, JF.; Varghese, AM.; Ou, SH.; Kabraji, S.; Awad, MM.; Katayama, R.; Pawlak, A.; Mino-Kenudson, M. et al. (Aug 2013). "ALK rearrangements are mutually exclusive with mutations in EGFR or KRAS: an analysis of 1,683 patients with non-small cell lung cancer.". Clin Cancer Res 19 (15): 4273-81. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0318. PMID 23729361.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gonsalves, WI.; Mahoney, MR.; Sargent, DJ.; Nelson, GD.; Alberts, SR.; Sinicrope, FA.; Goldberg, RM.; Limburg, PJ. et al. (Jul 2014). "Patient and tumor characteristics and BRAF and KRAS mutations in colon cancer, NCCTG/Alliance N0147.". J Natl Cancer Inst 106 (7). doi:10.1093/jnci/dju106. PMID 24925349.
- ↑ Dunn EF, Iida M, Myers RA, et al. (October 2010). "Dasatinib sensitizes KRAS mutant colorectal tumors to cetuximab". Oncogene. doi:10.1038/onc.2010.430. PMID 20956938.
- ↑ Di Nicolantonio F, Martini M, Molinari F, et al. (December 2008). "Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer". J. Clin. Oncol. 26 (35): 5705–12. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.18.0786. PMID 19001320.
- ↑ Kadota, K.; Yeh, YC.; D'Angelo, SP.; Moreira, AL.; Kuk, D.; Sima, CS.; Riely, GJ.; Arcila, ME. et al. (Aug 2014). "Associations between mutations and histologic patterns of mucin in lung adenocarcinoma: invasive mucinous pattern and extracellular mucin are associated with KRAS mutation.". Am J Surg Pathol 38 (8): 1118-27. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000246. PMID 25029118.
- ↑ Rekhtman, N.; Ang, DC.; Riely, GJ.; Ladanyi, M.; Moreira, AL. (Oct 2013). "KRAS mutations are associated with solid growth pattern and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in lung adenocarcinoma.". Mod Pathol 26 (10): 1307-19. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013.74. PMID 23619604.
- ↑ Gao, J.; Zhang, J.; Lu, T.; Li, XY.; Jia, N.; Liang, ZY. (Sep 2012). "[Correlation between KRAS mutations and clinicopathologic features in colorectal carcinomas].". Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 41 (9): 595-8. PMID 23157826.