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Difference between revisions of "Haematopathology"
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The lymph node is discussed below; however, details are covered in the ''[[lymph node]]'' article and ''[[lymph node pathology]]'' article. | The lymph node is discussed below; however, details are covered in the ''[[lymph node]]'' article and ''[[lymph node pathology]]'' article. | ||
=Bone marrow= | |||
{{main|Bone}} | {{main|Bone marrow}} | ||
Bone marrows are important for understanding haematopathology. They are dealt with in the ''[[bone]]'' article. | Bone marrows are important for understanding haematopathology. They are dealt with in the ''[[bone marrow|bone]]'' article. | ||
=Normal lymph node= | |||
{{main|Lymph node}} | {{main|Lymph node}} | ||
{{main|Lymph node pathology}} | {{main|Lymph node pathology}} | ||
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**Plasma cells. | **Plasma cells. | ||
=Haematologic neoplasia= | |||
Historically, haematologic neoplasias were split into leukemia (disease of the bone marrow & blood) and lymphoma (disease in discrete masses -- usually lymph nodes). In the modern day, this distinction has blurred. | |||
==Myelodysplastic syndrome== | |||
{{Main|Myelodysplastic syndrome}} | |||
At first approximation, these can be thought of as "pre-leukemia/lymphoma". | |||
==Leukemia== | |||
{{Main|Leukemia}} | |||
These predominantly have blood/bone marrow involvement. | |||
==Lymphoma== | |||
{{main|Lymphoma}} | |||
These form masses. They typically arise from lymph nodes or aggregates of lymphocytes. | |||
==Plasma cell lesions== | |||
{{Main|Plasma cell neoplasms}} | |||
==Myeloproliferative neoplasms== | |||
{{main|Myeloproliferative neoplasms}} | |||
This subset of haematopathology includes, among others, polycythemia vera. Historically, these were not classified as neoplasias. | |||
=Specific diagnoses= | |||
==Hemophagocytic syndrome== | ==Hemophagocytic syndrome== | ||
{{main|Hemophagocytic syndrome}} | {{main|Hemophagocytic syndrome}} | ||
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==Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia== | ==Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia== | ||
*Thrombocytopenia due to heparin.<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-overview]</ref> | *Thrombocytopenia due to heparin.<ref name=emed_hit>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-overview]. Accessed on: 17 May 2011.</ref> | ||
Classification: | Classification: | ||
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Diagnosis (simplified): | Diagnosis (simplified): | ||
*50% decline in platelets - within 4-10 days of starting heparin. | *50% decline in platelets - within 4-10 days of starting heparin. | ||
*HIT assay - several exist.<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846- | *HIT assay - several exist.<ref name=emed_hit>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-overview]. Accessed on: 17 May 2011.</ref> | ||
==Disseminated intravascular coagulation== | ==Disseminated intravascular coagulation== | ||
*Commonly abbreviated ''DIC''. | |||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Usually associated with sepsis or septic shock.<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779097-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779097-overview]. Accessed on: 23 October 2010.</ref> | *Usually associated with sepsis or septic shock.<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779097-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779097-overview]. Accessed on: 23 October 2010.</ref> | ||
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*Microvascular occlusion is also seen in [[thrombotic microangiopathies]]. | *Microvascular occlusion is also seen in [[thrombotic microangiopathies]]. | ||
=Cytometry - population cell marker quantification= | |||
{{main|Cytometry}} | |||
{{main| | |||
===Two techniques=== | ===Two techniques=== | ||
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===Common markers=== | ===Common markers=== | ||
*CD3, CD4, CD8, CD5, CD7. | *CD3, CD4, CD8, [[CD5]], CD7. | ||
*CD19, CD20, FMC7. | *CD19, [[CD20]], FMC7. | ||
*Kappa, lambda. | *Kappa, lambda. | ||
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See ''[[cytometry]]''. | See ''[[cytometry]]''. | ||
==See also | =Abnormal sign out= | ||
<pre> | |||
Lymph Node, Right Posterior Triangle of Neck, Excision: | |||
- Lymphoid tissue with abnormal architecture, predominantly small cells. | |||
- Case will be sent to hematopathology for opinion. | |||
</pre> | |||
=See also= | |||
*[[Stomach]]. | *[[Stomach]]. | ||
*[[Lymph nodes]]. | *[[Lymph nodes]]. | ||
=References= | |||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Haematopathology]] | [[Category:Haematopathology]] | ||