Difference between revisions of "Gout"

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***Surrounds fluffy (cotton candy-like) material.
***Surrounds fluffy (cotton candy-like) material.
**Fibrotic synovium.
**Fibrotic synovium.
**Aggregates of urate crystals. (???)
*Aggregates of urate crystals - considered ''gold standard''.<ref name=pmid26175247>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ting | first1 = K. | last2 = Graf | first2 = SW. | last3 = Whittle | first3 = SL. | title = Update on the diagnosis and management of gout. | journal = Med J Aust | volume = 203 | issue = 2 | pages = 86-8 | month = Jul | year = 2015 | doi =  | PMID = 26175247 }}</ref> ‡


Note:
Note:
*The classically described [[polarization of light]] (see ''[[crystals in body fluids]]'') is typically ''not'' present in [[formalin]] fixed tissue.<ref name=pmid11504841>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Shidham | first1 = V. | last2 = Chivukula | first2 = M. | last3 = Basir | first3 = Z. | last4 = Shidham | first4 = G. | title = Evaluation of crystals in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections for the differential diagnosis of pseudogout, gout, and tumoral calcinosis. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 806-10 | month = Aug | year = 2001 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3880394 | PMID = 11504841 }}</ref>
*The classically described [[polarization of light]] (see ''[[crystals in body fluids]]'') is typically ''not'' present in [[formalin]] fixed tissue.<ref name=pmid11504841>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Shidham | first1 = V. | last2 = Chivukula | first2 = M. | last3 = Basir | first3 = Z. | last4 = Shidham | first4 = G. | title = Evaluation of crystals in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections for the differential diagnosis of pseudogout, gout, and tumoral calcinosis. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 806-10 | month = Aug | year = 2001 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3880394 | PMID = 11504841 }}</ref>


===Images===
===Images===

Revision as of 19:27, 29 December 2016

Gout
Diagnosis in short

Gouty tophus. H&E stain.
Site joints - classically large toe

Symptoms joint pain
Prevalence common
Prognosis benign

Gout is a common benign affliction that can be disabling. It occasionally is seen by pathologists and can be grouped with conditions with crystals in body fluids.

General

  • Classically afflicts the big toe - known as podagra.

Epidemiology:[1]

  • Male (Females RR ~ 0.1).
  • Renal failure.
  • Diabetes mellitus.

Etiology:[2]

  • Overproduction of uric acid ~ 10% of cases.
  • Reduced excretion of uric acid ~ 90% of cases.
    • May be genetic, e.g. URAT1 mutation.[3][4]
    • Renal failure.

Gross/radiology

  • Radiologically may mimic anconeus epitrochlearis muscle.[5]

DDx:

Microscopic

Features:[6]

  • Tophi (advanced)
    • Reactive granulomatous inflammation.
      • Surrounds fluffy (cotton candy-like) material.
    • Fibrotic synovium.
  • Aggregates of urate crystals - considered gold standard.[7]

Note:

Images

www:

See also

References

  1. Wang, Y.; Yan, S.; Li, C.; Zhao, S.; Lv, J.; Wang, F.; Meng, D.; Han, L. et al. (Mar 2013). "Risk factors for gout developed from hyperuricemia in China: a five-year prospective cohort study.". Rheumatol Int 33 (3): 705-10. doi:10.1007/s00296-012-2439-8. PMID 22544037.
  2. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 634. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  3. Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 607096
  4. Tin, A.; Woodward, OM.; Kao, WH.; Liu, CT.; Lu, X.; Nalls, MA.; Shriner, D.; Semmo, M. et al. (Oct 2011). "Genome-wide association study for serum urate concentrations and gout among African Americans identifies genomic risk loci and a novel URAT1 loss-of-function allele.". Hum Mol Genet 20 (20): 4056-68. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr307. PMID 21768215.
  5. URL: http://radiology.casereports.net/index.php/rcr/article/viewArticle/57/213. Accessed on: 7 August 2011.
  6. URL: http://pathologyoutlines.com/joints.html#gout. Accessed on: 5 August 2011.
  7. Ting, K.; Graf, SW.; Whittle, SL. (Jul 2015). "Update on the diagnosis and management of gout.". Med J Aust 203 (2): 86-8. PMID 26175247.
  8. Shidham, V.; Chivukula, M.; Basir, Z.; Shidham, G. (Aug 2001). "Evaluation of crystals in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections for the differential diagnosis of pseudogout, gout, and tumoral calcinosis.". Mod Pathol 14 (8): 806-10. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880394. PMID 11504841.