Difference between revisions of "Glioma"

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Glioma (view source)

Revision as of 08:33, 4 April 2022

632 bytes removed ,  08:33, 4 April 2022
removed frequency because data is from pre-molecular era and does not reflect current changes.
(Major update in CNS tumour taxonomy)
(removed frequency because data is from pre-molecular era and does not reflect current changes.)
 
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*Low-grade gliomas [CNS WHO grade 1-2] are well-differentiated (not anaplastic);  these tend to exhibit  [[cancer|benign]] tendencies and portend a better prognosis for the patient. However, they have a uniform rate of recurrence and some diffuse gliomas may increase in grade over time and therefore calling these tumours benign is avoided.  
*Low-grade gliomas [CNS WHO grade 1-2] are well-differentiated (not anaplastic);  these tend to exhibit  [[cancer|benign]] tendencies and portend a better prognosis for the patient. However, they have a uniform rate of recurrence and some diffuse gliomas may increase in grade over time and therefore calling these tumours benign is avoided.  
*High-grade [CNS WHO grade 3-4] gliomas are undifferentiated or anaplastic;  these are [[cancer|malignant]] and carry a worse prognosis.
*High-grade [CNS WHO grade 3-4] gliomas are undifferentiated or anaplastic;  these are [[cancer|malignant]] and carry a worse prognosis.


===By patient age group===
===By patient age group===
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** Posterior fossa ependymoma.
** Posterior fossa ependymoma.
** Spinal ependymoma.
** Spinal ependymoma.


* Some gliomas have a specific anatomic designation in their name, reflecting their predominant tumor location.
* Some gliomas have a specific anatomic designation in their name, reflecting their predominant tumor location.
** [[Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant]].
** [[Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered]].
** Infant-type hemispheric glioma.




===By Molecular profile===
Some tumors can only diagnosed after a specific alteration has been confirmed.


Examples are:
* Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.
* Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted.
* [[Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant]].
* [[Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered]].
* [[Diffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL-altered]].
* CNS tumour with BCOR internal tandem duplication.


==Table of common gliomas==
==Table of common gliomas==
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|[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]] || yes || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no ||  yes || no || [[Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]] || yes || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no ||  yes || no || [[Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|-
|[[Diffuse astrocytoma]] || no || yes || no || no  || no || yes || [[File:Astrocytoma_whoII_HE.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|[[Astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 2]] || no || yes || no || no  || no || yes || [[File:Astrocytoma_whoII_HE.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|-
|[[Anaplastic astrocytoma]] || no || yes || yes || no || no || yes || [[Image:Anaplastic_astrocytoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|[[Astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 3]] || no || yes || yes || no || no || yes || [[Image:Anaplastic_astrocytoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|-
|[[Glioblastoma]] || no || yes || yes || yes || yes || yes || [[Image:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|[[Glioblastoma]] || no || yes || yes || yes || yes || yes || [[Image:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
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|[[Oligodendroglioma]] || no || usu. no || yes || no || no || yes || [[Image:Oligodendroglioma1_low_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|[[Oligodendroglioma]] || no || usu. no || yes || no || no || yes || [[Image:Oligodendroglioma1_low_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|-
|[[Ependymoma]] || no || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no || no || discrete || [[Image:Ependymoma_H%26E.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|[[Ependymoma CNS WHO grade 2]] || no || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no || no || discrete || [[Image:Ependymoma_H%26E.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|-
|[[Anaplastic ependymoma]] || no || yes || yes || usu. yes || rare ||  discrete || [[Image:HE anaplastic epedymomas mitoses pleomorphism.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|[[Ependymoma CNS WHO grade 3]] || no || yes || yes || usu. yes || rare ||  discrete || [[Image:HE anaplastic epedymomas mitoses pleomorphism.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|}
|}
Notes:
Notes:
*''MVP'' = microvascular proliferation.
*''MVP'' = microvascular proliferation.
*''EGBs'' = eosinophilic granular bodies.
*''EGBs'' = eosinophilic granular bodies.
==Frequency==
The relative frequency differs significantly between adults and children.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ostrom | first1 = QT. | last2 = Gittleman | first2 = H. | last3 = Liao | first3 = P. | last4 = Rouse | first4 = C. | last5 = Chen | first5 = Y. | last6 = Dowling | first6 = J. | last7 = Wolinsky | first7 = Y. | last8 = Kruchko | first8 = C. | last9 = Barnholtz-Sloan | first9 = J. | title = CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2007-2011. | journal = Neuro Oncol | volume = 16 Suppl 4 | issue =  | pages = iv1-63 | month = Oct | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1093/neuonc/nou223 | PMID = 25304271 }}</ref>
*Adults:
** glioblastoma 55.2%
** astrocytoma grade II 9%
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 6.1%
** ependymoma 6.8%
** oligodendroglioma grade II 5.9%
** pilocytic astrocytoma 5.9%
** anaplastic oligodendroglioma grade III 3.3%
** not further specified 8.4%
*Children:
** pilocytic astrocytoma 33.8%
** malignant glioma, NOS 25.7%
** ependymoma 11.4%
** astroyctoma grade II 11.1%
** glioblastoma 6.3%
** oligodendroglioma  3.9%
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 3.6%
** not further specified 4.2%


==See also==
==See also==
Jensflorian
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