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Fungi (view source)

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*[[Mucor]].
*[[Mucor]].
*[[Aspergillus]].
*[[Aspergillus]].
===Sign out===
*The gold standard for determining the microorganisms is culture.
*As anatomical pathologists are approximately 80% accurate (when measured against culture), it is important to state something like ''correlation with culture is recommended''.<ref name=pmid19228642>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Sangoi | first1 = AR. | last2 = Rogers | first2 = WM. | last3 = Longacre | first3 = TA. | last4 = Montoya | first4 = JG. | last5 = Baron | first5 = EJ. | last6 = Banaei | first6 = N. | title = Challenges and pitfalls of morphologic identification of fungal infections in histologic and cytologic specimens: a ten-year retrospective review at a single institution. | journal = Am J Clin Pathol | volume = 131 | issue = 3 | pages = 364-75 | month = Mar | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1309/AJCP99OOOZSNISCZ | PMID = 19228642 }}</ref>


==Summary table==
==Summary table==
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*"Dented ping-pong ball" appearance.<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref> **Remember '''P'''C'''P''' = '''p'''ing-'''p'''ong.
*"Dented ping-pong ball" appearance.<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref> **Remember '''P'''C'''P''' = '''p'''ing-'''p'''ong.
**Approximately 7-8 μm in size.
**Approximately 7-8 μm in size.
DDx:
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]].


====Images====
====Images====
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www:
www:
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Pneumocystis+carinii&go=Go Several images of PCP (WC)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Pneumocystis+carinii&go=Go Several images of PCP (WC)].
===Stains===
===Stains===
*[[GMS stain]] +ve.
*[[GMS stain]] +ve.
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*Yeast forms.
*Yeast forms.
*Locations: oral cavity, vagina.
*Locations: oral cavity, vagina.
===Gross===
Esophageal candidiasis:
*"Sticky": do not wash-off from the mucosa with water irrigation.<ref>URL: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537268/]. Accessed on: 2022 June 22.</ref>


===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
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*''Dimorphic'' - seen in two forms:
*''Dimorphic'' - seen in two forms:
**Pseudohyphae<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  - collections of many ''C. albicans'' cells in a branching pattern.
**Pseudohyphae<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  - collections of many ''C. albicans'' cells in a branching pattern.
**Yeast form - single cells, 10 to 12 micrometres in diameter, gram positive.<ref>[http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-3.htm http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-3.htm]</ref>
**Yeast form - single cells, 10 to 12 micrometres in diameter.{{fact}}


Notes:
Notes:
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<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Candida_pap_1.jpg | Candida on Pap test. (WC)
Image:Candida_pap_1.jpg | Candida on Pap test. (WC)
File:Candidiasis (5494228352).jpg | Candidiasis. (WC/Yale Rosen)
File:Candidiasis - PAS (5493634827).jpg | Candidiasis: PAS stain. (WC/Yale Rosen)
File:Candidiasis - GMS (5493634393).jpg | Candidiasis: Pseudohyphae + Budding yeast. (WC/Yale Rosen)
</gallery>
</gallery>
===Stains===
===Stains===
Features:
Features:
*PAS +ve.
*PAS +ve.
*Methenamine silver +ve.
*Methenamine silver +ve.
*[[Gram stain|Gram]] +ve.<ref name=pmid20711156>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Salerno | first1 = C. | last2 = Pascale | first2 = M. | last3 = Contaldo | first3 = M. | last4 = Esposito | first4 = V. | last5 = Busciolano | first5 = M. | last6 = Milillo | first6 = L. | last7 = Guida | first7 = A. | last8 = Petruzzi | first8 = M. | last9 = Serpico | first9 = R. | title = Candida-associated denture stomatitis. | journal = Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = e139-43 | month = Mar | year = 2011 | doi =  | PMID = 20711156 }}</ref>


==Blastomycosis==
==Blastomycosis==
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==Aspergillosis==
==Aspergillosis==
===General===
{{Main|Aspergillosis}}
*Due to ''Aspergillus''.
*Fungus.
*Associated with immunosuppression/immunodeficiency.
**Rarely in immune competent individuals.<ref name=pmid7844909>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Sugimura | first1 = S. | last2 = Yoshida | first2 = K. | last3 = Oba | first3 = H. | last4 = Hashiguchi | first4 = K. | last5 = Nakajima | first5 = M. | last6 = Moriya | first6 = O. | last7 = Okimoto | first7 = N. | last8 = Niki | first8 = Y. | last9 = Soejima | first9 = R. | title = [Two cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-immunocompromised hosts]. | journal = Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi | volume = 32 | issue = 10 | pages = 1032-7 | month = Oct | year = 1994 | doi =  | PMID = 7844909 }}
</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Hyphae that branching with 45 degrees angle - '''key feature'''.<ref name=Ref_APBR682>{{Ref APBR|682}}</ref>
**Uniform width - typically ~3-5 μm.
*Septated - often difficult to see.
*"Fruiting heads" when aerobic - uncommon.
**Spherical structures ~50 micrometres in diameter with radially arranged structures (like spokes of a wheel) +/- an empty centre in the plane of section.
 
DDx:
*[[Mucormycosis]] - irregular width.
*Scedosporium prolificans - in immunoincompetent individuals.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case290.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case290.html]. Accessed on: 14 January 2012.</ref>
 
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Pulmonary_aspergillosis.jpg  | Aspergillus (WC)
Image:Pulmonary_aspergillosis_cytology.jpg | Aspergillus - [[cytology]]. (WC)
Image:Aspergillus_-_high_mag.jpg | Aspergillus with fruiting head - high mag. (WC)
Image:Aspergillus_-_add_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Aspergillus with fruiting head - very high mag. (WC)
File:Aspergillosis, angioinvasive, - GMS stain (5390967417).jpg | Angionvasive aspergillosis. (WC/Yale Rosen)
File:Aspergillosis, granulomatous (5390380567).jpg | Granulomatous reaction in aspergillosis - HE.(WC/Yale Rosen)
File:Aspergilloma (5390379559).jpg | Aspergilloma. (WC/Yale Rosen)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-otorhinolaryngology/volume-6-number-1/maxillary-sinus-mycetoma-due-to-aspergillus-niger.article-g03.fs.jpg Aspergillosis - fruiting head (ispub.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-otorhinolaryngology/volume-6-number-1/maxillary-sinus-mycetoma-due-to-aspergillus-niger.html http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-otorhinolaryngology/volume-6-number-1/maxillary-sinus-mycetoma-due-to-aspergillus-niger.html]. Accessed on: 27 February 2012.</ref>
 
===Stains===
*PAS-D +ve.


==Microsporidiosis==
==Microsporidiosis==
Michael
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