Difference between revisions of "Fetal autopsy"

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→‎Adrenal fetal fat pattern

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 # [[Pituitary]].
-==Histology==
+==Microscopic==
 ===Adrenal gland===
 *Centre regresses.
+====Adrenal fetal fat pattern====
+*Can be assessed with ''oil red O'' staining.
+The pattern of adrenal fat is informative about duration of stress prior to (intrauterine) demise:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Becker MJ, Becker AE |title=Fat distribution in the adrenal cortex as an indication of the mode of intrauterine death |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=495–504 |year=1976 |month=September |pmid=964978 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+*Pattern I: scant fat/fat only close to medullary zone; acute death/no stress reaction.
+*Pattern II: widespread fat; subacute death/moderate stress reaction.
+*Pattern III: massive fat - fetal zone and cortex; chronic death/marked stress reaction.
+Additional ref.: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1545415/pdf/archdisch00800-0007.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1545415/pdf/archdisch00800-0007.pdf].
 ===Kidney===
 *Cortex regresses.
+*Nephrogenic rests.<ref>URL: [http://www.wilmstumour.com/rests.asp http://www.wilmstumour.com/rests.asp]. Accessed on: 28 March 2011.</ref>
 ===Lung===
 *PMNs may be seen in [[chorioamnionitis]].
+*Meconium-laden macrophages may be seen.
 ===Thymus===
 *Hassall's corpuscles (thymic corpuscle).
-Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thymic_corpuscle.jpg Thymic corpuscle (WC)].
+Image:
+*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thymic_corpuscle.jpg Thymic corpuscle (WC)].
-==Amnion rupture sequence==
+==Amniotic rupture sequence==
-A term that encompasses:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>
+*[[AKA]] ''amnion rupture sequence''.
-*Amniotic band syndrome.
+===General===
+The term encompasses:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>
+*Amniotic band syndrome.<ref name=pmid2624577>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lin | first1 = HH. | last2 = Wu | first2 = CC. | last3 = Hsieh | first3 = FJ. | last4 = Hsieh | first4 = CY. | last5 = Lee | first5 = TY. | title = Amniotic rupture sequence: report of five cases. | journal = Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 343-50 | month = Dec | year = 1989 | doi =  | PMID = 2624577 }}</ref>
 *Amniotic adhesion sequence.
-*Limb-body wall complex
+*Limb-body wall complex - characterized by ventral body wall defects.<ref name=pmid18603699>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Prasun | first1 = P. | last2 = Behera | first2 = BK. | last3 = Pradhan | first3 = M. | title = Limb body wall complex. | journal = Indian J Pathol Microbiol | volume = 51 | issue = 2 | pages = 255-6 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 18603699 }}</ref>
-===Etiology===
+Etiology:
-*Congenital
+*Congenital.
-**Karyotypes is normal.
+**Thought to arise due to an amniotic tear in the first trimester.<ref name=pmid19180633>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Jamsheer | first1 = A. | last2 = Materna-Kiryluk | first2 = A. | last3 = Badura-Stronka | first3 = M. | last4 = Wiśniewska | first4 = K. | last5 = Wieckowska | first5 = B. | last6 = Mejnartowicz | first6 = J. | last7 = Balcar-Boroń | first7 = A. | last8 = Borszewska-Kornacka | first8 = M. | last9 = Czerwionka-Szaflarska | first9 = M. | title = Comparative study of clinical characteristics of amniotic rupture sequence with and without body wall defect: further evidence for separation. | journal = Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol | volume = 85 | issue = 3 | pages = 211-5 | month = Mar | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1002/bdra.20555 | PMID = 19180633 }}</ref>
+**Karyotypes are usually normal.
 ===Gross===
-*Autoamputation of appendages and body wall defects +/- anomalies of internal organs.
+Features:
+*Autoamputation of appendages and body wall defects +/- anomalies of internal organs.
+*+/-Fibrous bands (seen cases labelled ''amniotic band syndrome'').
+Images:
+*[http://www.sonoworld.com/fetus/page.aspx?id=2318 Amniotic band syndrome - gross (sonoworld.com)].
+*[http://www.gfmer.ch/genetic_diseases_v2/gendis_detail_list.php?offset=15&cat3=535 Amniotic band syndrome - several images (gfmer.ch)].
+==Developmental stuff==
+===Neural tube defects===
+*Anencephaly - no brain, top of head missing.
+*Spina bifida.
+**Spina bifida cystica.
+***Meningocele - less severe, herniation of only the membrane.
+***Myelomeningocele - more sever, herniation of membranes and cord.
+**Spina bifida occulta.
+===Chiari malformation===
+{{Main|Chiari malformation}}
+===Dandy-Walker syndrome===
+*[[AKA]] Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM).
+*Prevalence: ~ 1/5000 live borns.
+*Diagnosis: ultrasound.
+Features:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q12-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q12-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>
+*Complete or partial agenesis of the vermis.
+*Cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle.
+*Large posterior fossa.
+*+/-Hydrocephalus.
+*+/-Elevation of cerebellar tentorium.
+DDx:
+*Arachnoid cyst.
+*Blake's pouch cyst - on a contiunuum with DWM.<ref name=pmid10872175>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Calabrò | first1 = F. | last2 = Arcuri | first2 = T. | last3 = Jinkins | first3 = JR. | title = Blake's pouch cyst: an entity within the Dandy-Walker continuum. | journal = Neuroradiology | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 290-5 | month = Apr | year = 2000 | doi =  | PMID = 10872175 }}</ref>
+==Growth parameters==
+{{Main|Growth charts}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 68: / Line 121: @@
 ==References==
-{{reflist|1}}
+{{reflist|2}}
 [[Category:Autopsy]]
+[[Category:Pediatric pathology]]

Difference between revisions of "Fetal autopsy"

Fetal autopsy (view source)

Revision as of 13:48, 6 April 2016

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