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| ===Anterior angle=== | | ===Anterior angle=== |
| *Angle between cornea and iris. | | *Angle between cornea and iris. |
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| | ===Canthi=== |
| | The canthi are where the upper and lower eyelids meet: |
| | *Medial canthus. |
| | *Lateral canthus. |
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| | Note: |
| | *The most common malignant canthus lesion is [[basal cell carcinoma]].<ref>URL: [https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2372910 https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2372910]. Accessed on: 2022 Nov 17.</ref> |
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| =Histology= | | =Histology= |
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| ==Eccrine hidrocystoma== | | ==Eccrine hidrocystoma== |
| *Occasionally spelled ''eccrine hydrocystoma''.<ref name=pmid10065300/> | | *Occasionally spelled ''eccrine hydrocystoma''.<ref name=pmid10065300/> |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Eccrine hidrocystoma}} |
| *Benign.
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| *Eyelid lesion.
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| Clinical DDx:<ref name=pmid10065300/>
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| *Cystic [[BCC]].
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| ===Microsopic===
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| Features:<ref name=pmid15205675>{{Cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = AD. | last2 = McCloskey | first2 = L. | last3 = Parsons | first3 = MA. | last4 = Slater | first4 = DN. | title = Eccrine hidrocystoma of the eyelid. | journal = Eye (Lond) | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 77-9 | month = Jan | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1038/sj.eye.6701404 | PMID = 15205675 }}</ref><ref>{{Ref Derm|314}}</ref>
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| *Cyst lined by a bland bilayer.
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| **Inner lining cells have:
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| ***Small, round nuclei - usu. basal.
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| ***Moderate pale/greyish cytoplasm.
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| ***No apocrine snouts - flat surface.
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| **Outer lining cells - spindled.
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| ***May be difficult to see.
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| Note:
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| *According to the CMAJ, it has the histology of an [[epidermal inclusion cyst]].<ref name=pmid10065300>{{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = SP. | title = Dermacase. Eccrine hydrocystoma. | journal = Can Fam Physician | volume = 45 | issue = | pages = 297, 306 | month = Feb | year = 1999 | doi = | PMID = 10065300 |PMC = 2328272 }}</ref>
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| DDx:
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| *[[Apocrine hidrocystoma]] - have apocrine snouts; surface is ''not'' flat.
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| *Cystadenoma - has epithelial proliferation.
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| ====Image====
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| <gallery>
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| Image:SkinTumors-P7110453.JPG | Apocrine hidrocystoma (AH). AH looks similar to ''eccrine hidrocystoma''. (WC)
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| </gallery>
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| www:
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| *[http://www.nature.com/eye/journal/v19/n1/fig_tab/6701404f1.html Eccrine hidrocystoma (nature.com)].
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| *[http://www.dermnet.org.nz/pathology/apocrine-hidrocystoma-path.html Apocrine hidrocystoma (dermnet.org)].
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| *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/42574434@N03/9519309216 Apocrine hidrocystoma (flickr.com)].
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| ===Sign out===
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| <pre>
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| SKIN LESION, ADJACENT TO RIGHT EYELID, EXCISION:
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| - ECCRINE HIDROCYSTOMA.
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| </pre>
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| ====Micro====
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| The sections show hair bearing skin with a cyst lined by a bland bilayered epithelium. The predominant lining cell has moderate pale grey cytoplasm and a small round nucleus.
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| The lesion is excised in the plane of section.
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| ==Chalazion== | | ==Chalazion== |
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| ==Papilloma of the caruncle== | | ==Papilloma of the caruncle== |
| *[[AKA]] ''caruncle papilloma''.
| | {{Main|Eye papilloma}} |
| ===General===
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| *Benign.
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| *Second most common caruncle tumour ~ 15% of caruncle tumours.<ref name=pmid16935590>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kaeser | first1 = PF. | last2 = Uffer | first2 = S. | last3 = Zografos | first3 = L. | last4 = Hamédani | first4 = M. | title = Tumors of the caruncle: a clinicopathologic correlation. | journal = Am J Ophthalmol | volume = 142 | issue = 3 | pages = 448-55 | month = Sep | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.04.035 | PMID = 16935590 }}</ref>
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| **Most common is [[nevus]] ~ 50% of caruncle tumours.
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| ===Gross===
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| *Frond-like lesion.
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| Image:
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| *[http://www.atlasophthalmology.com/atlas/photo.jsf?node=2748&locale=en Papilloma of caruncle (atlasophthalmology.com)].
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| ===Microscopic===
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| Features:<ref name=pmid16935590/>
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| *Fibrovascular fronds in a cauliflower-like arrangement.
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| *No nuclear atypia.
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| Image:
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| *[http://www.atlasophthalmology.com/atlas/photo.jsf?node=4686&locale=en Papilloma of caruncle - crappy image (atlasophthalmology.com)].
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| ===Sign out===
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| <pre>
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| LESION, RIGHT CARUNCLE, EXCISION:
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| - PAPILLOMA.
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| - NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
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| </pre>
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| ====Micro====
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| The sections show benign conjunctival mucosa and a lesion consisting of fibrovascular
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| cores covered by a conjunctival epithelium with a cauliflower-like appearance at low
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| power. Parakeratosis is present. No significant nuclear atypia is identified. No koilocytic
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| change is seen. No mitotic activity is appreciated.
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| ===External links===
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| *[http://eyewiki.aao.org/Conjunctival_Papilloma Conjunctival papilloma (eyewiki.aao.org)].
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| ==Corneal ulcer== | | ==Corneal ulcer== |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Corneal ulcer}} |
| *Cause: trauma.<ref name=pmid26319343>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ahmed | first1 = F. | last2 = House | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Feldman | first3 = BH. | title = Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Foreign Bodies. | journal = Prim Care | volume = 42 | issue = 3 | pages = 363-75 | month = Sep | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.004 | PMID = 26319343 }}</ref>
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| *May threaten sight in the eye.<ref name=pmid26319343/>
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| ===Microscopic===
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| Feature:
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| *Ulceration of squamous epithelium.{{fact}}
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| DDx:
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| *[[Squamous dysplasia]].
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| ===Sign out=== | | ==Keratoconus== |
| <pre>
| | {{Main|Keratoconus}} |
| Corneal Button, Left Eye, Keratoplasty:
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| - Corneal ulcer associated with neovascularization and chronic inflammation.
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| - NEGATIVE for dysplasia.
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| </pre>
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| ==Corneal scar== | | ==Corneal scar== |
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| - NEGATIVE for dysplasia. | | - NEGATIVE for dysplasia. |
| </pre> | | </pre> |
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| | ==Conjunctival nevus== |
| | {{Main|Conjunctival nevus}} |
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| =Tumours of the eye= | | =Tumours of the eye= |
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| ==Retinoblastoma== | | ==Retinoblastoma== |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Retinoblastoma}} |
| *Rare.
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| *Malignant.
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| *May be familial.<ref name=pmid20687510>{{cite journal |author=Lohmann D |title=Retinoblastoma |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=685 |issue= |pages=220–7 |year=2010 |pmid=20687510 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| ===Gross===
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| *White, solid.
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| *Patterns:
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| **Endophytic - grow into the vitreous cavity.
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| **Exophytic - grow toward choroid.
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| **Mixed - components of endophytic and exophytic.
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| Image:
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| *[http://radiopaedia.org/cases/retinoblastoma-gross-pathology Retinoblastoma (radiopaedia.org/AFIP)].
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| Note:
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| *Tumour is extremely friable.
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| ===Microscopic===
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| Features:
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| *[[Small round cell tumour]]:
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| **Scant cytoplasm.
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| *Flexner-Wintersteiner [[rosette]] - '''key feature'''.
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| **Rosette with empty centre (donut hole).<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| *+/-Homer-Wright rosette.<ref>WH. 14 March 2011.</ref>
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| **Circular rosette with neuropil at the centre.<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| *Mitoses - common.
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| *+/-Necrosis.
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| *+/-Calcification.
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| DDx:
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| *Retinocytoma (retinoma) - benign counterpart of retinoblastoma.
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| Notes:
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| *DDx of Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette includes:
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| **Pineoblastoma.
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| **Medulloepithelioma.
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| Image:
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| *[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/O0A001-PQ01-M.htm Retinoblastoma (ouhsc.edu)].
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| *[http://www.pathpedia.com/Education/eAtlas/Histopathology/eye_and_ocular_adnexa/retinoblastoma.aspx Retinoblastoma (pathpedia.com)].
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| ==Malignant melanoma== | | ==Malignant melanoma== |