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→Types: MOGHE
Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (→Etiology: wikify) |
Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (→Types: MOGHE) |
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===Etiology=== | ===Etiology=== | ||
*Many. | *Many. | ||
**[[ | **[[Epilepsy#Focal_cortical_dysplasia_.28FCD.29|Cortical dysplasia]]. | ||
**Hamartia. | **[[Epilepsy#Hamartia|Hamartia]]. | ||
**Stroke. | **Stroke. | ||
**Infection. | **Infection. | ||
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*[[Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour]].<ref name=pmid15881751>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cataltepe | first1 = O. | last2 = Turanli | first2 = G. | last3 = Yalnizoglu | first3 = D. | last4 = Topçu | first4 = M. | last5 = Akalan | first5 = N. | title = Surgical management of temporal lobe tumor-related epilepsy in children. | journal = J Neurosurg | volume = 102 | issue = 3 Suppl | pages = 280-7 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = 10.3171/ped.2005.102.3.0280 | PMID = 15881751 }}</ref> | *[[Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour]].<ref name=pmid15881751>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cataltepe | first1 = O. | last2 = Turanli | first2 = G. | last3 = Yalnizoglu | first3 = D. | last4 = Topçu | first4 = M. | last5 = Akalan | first5 = N. | title = Surgical management of temporal lobe tumor-related epilepsy in children. | journal = J Neurosurg | volume = 102 | issue = 3 Suppl | pages = 280-7 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = 10.3171/ped.2005.102.3.0280 | PMID = 15881751 }}</ref> | ||
*[[Ganglioglioma]].<ref name=pmid12125968>{{Cite journal | last1 = Im | first1 = SH. | last2 = Chung | first2 = CK. | last3 = Cho | first3 = BK. | last4 = Lee | first4 = SK. | title = Supratentorial ganglioglioma and epilepsy: postoperative seizure outcome. | journal = J Neurooncol | volume = 57 | issue = 1 | pages = 59-66 | month = Mar | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12125968 }}</ref> | *[[Ganglioglioma]].<ref name=pmid12125968>{{Cite journal | last1 = Im | first1 = SH. | last2 = Chung | first2 = CK. | last3 = Cho | first3 = BK. | last4 = Lee | first4 = SK. | title = Supratentorial ganglioglioma and epilepsy: postoperative seizure outcome. | journal = J Neurooncol | volume = 57 | issue = 1 | pages = 59-66 | month = Mar | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12125968 }}</ref> | ||
*Isomorphic astrocytoma. | |||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
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**Involves: hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala. | **Involves: hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala. | ||
*Granule cell dispersion | *Granule cell dispersion | ||
===Hamartia=== | |||
* Small collection of ectopic glioneuronal cells. | |||
**Morpholology resembling oligodendroglial-like cells. <ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kasper | first1 = BS. | last2 = Stefan | first2 = H. | last3 = Buchfelder | first3 = M. | last4 = Paulus | first4 = W. | title = Temporal lobe microdysgenesis in epilepsy versus control brains. | journal = J Neuropathol Exp Neurol | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 22-8 | month = Jan | year = 1999 | doi = | PMID = 10068310 }}</ref> | |||
* Mostly amygdala, less common in hippocampus or temporal lobe. | |||
* Can coexist with focal cortical dysplasia. | |||
===Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)=== | |||
*Localized malformations of the cortex. | |||
*Frequently associated with epilepsy in children. | |||
*Includes cortical dyslamination, cytoarchitectural changes and white matter abnormalities. | |||
*Current consensus: ILAE classification scheme 2011 <ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Blümcke | first1 = I. | last2 = Aronica | first2 = E. | last3 = Miyata | first3 = H. | last4 = Sarnat | first4 = HB. | last5 = Thom | first5 = M. | last6 = Roessler | first6 = K. | last7 = Rydenhag | first7 = B. | last8 = Jehi | first8 = L. | last9 = Krsek | first9 = P. | title = International recommendation for a comprehensive neuropathologic workup of epilepsy surgery brain tissue: A consensus Task Force report from the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods. | journal = Epilepsia | volume = 57 | issue = 3 | pages = 348-58 | month = Mar | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1111/epi.13319 | PMID = 26839983 }} | |||
</ref>(based on previous classification by Palmini 2004): | |||
*Type I FCD (focal) | |||
**Ia: Abnormal radial cortical lamination. | |||
**Ib: Abnormal tangential cortical lamination. | |||
**Ic: Abnormal radial and tangential cortical lamination. | |||
*Type II FCD (focal) | |||
**IIa: Presence of dysmorphic neurons. | |||
**IIb: Presence of dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells. | |||
*Type III FCD (associated with other lesion) | |||
**IIIa: FCD associated with [[Epilepsy#Hippocampal_sclerosis|hippocampal sclerosis]]. | |||
**IIIb: FCD adjacent to a brain tumor. | |||
**IIIc: FCD adjacent to vascular malformation. | |||
**IIIc: FCD associated with previous injury (trauma, inflammation...). | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:FCDIIa dysmorphic neurons HE.jpg|Dysmorphic neurons in FCD (HE) | |||
File:FCDIIa neuronal heterotopia neun.jpg|Heterotopic neurons (NeuN) | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Hippocampal sclerosis=== | ===Hippocampal sclerosis=== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 91: | ||
**Epilepsy. | **Epilepsy. | ||
**[[Dementia]]. | **[[Dementia]]. | ||
===Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia=== | |||
* Abbreviated: MOGHE <ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Schurr | first1 = J. | last2 = Coras | first2 = R. | last3 = Rössler | first3 = K. | last4 = Pieper | first4 = T. | last5 = Kudernatsch | first5 = M. | last6 = Holthausen | first6 = H. | last7 = Winkler | first7 = P. | last8 = Woermann | first8 = F. | last9 = Bien | first9 = CG. | title = Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: A New Clinico-Pathological Entity. | journal = Brain Pathol | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 26-35 | month = 01 | year = 2017 | doi = 10.1111/bpa.12347 | PMID = 26748554 }}</ref>. | |||
* Frontal lobe. | |||
* Nonlesional (3.7% of epilepsy case). | |||
* Increase cellularity of Olig2-, and PDGFR-alpha-immunoreactive oligodendroglia. | |||
==Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy== | ==Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy== | ||