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Difference between revisions of "Crystals in body fluids"
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==Gout== | ==Gout== | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Classically big toe. | *Classically afflicts the big toe - known as '''podagra'''. | ||
Etiology:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8>{{Ref PCPBoD8|634}}</ref> | Etiology:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8>{{Ref PCPBoD8|634}}</ref> | ||
*Overproduction of uric acid ~ 10% of cases. | *Overproduction of uric acid ~ 10% of cases. | ||
*Reduced excretion of uric acid ~ 90% of cases. | *Reduced excretion of uric acid ~ 90% of cases. | ||
**May be genetic | **May be genetic, e.g. URAT1 mutation.<ref name=omim607096>{{OMIM|607096}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Tin | first1 = A. | last2 = Woodward | first2 = OM. | last3 = Kao | first3 = WH. | last4 = Liu | first4 = CT. | last5 = Lu | first5 = X. | last6 = Nalls | first6 = MA. | last7 = Shriner | first7 = D. | last8 = Semmo | first8 = M. | last9 = Akylbekova | first9 = EL. | title = Genome-wide association study for serum urate concentrations and gout among African Americans identifies genomic risk loci and a novel URAT1 loss-of-function allele. | journal = Hum Mol Genet | volume = 20 | issue = 20 | pages = 4056-68 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddr307 | PMID = 21768215 }}</ref> | ||
**Renal failure. | **Renal failure. | ||