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Difference between revisions of "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | {{ Infobox diagnosis | ||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
| Image = Clear cell renal cell carcinoma -- high mag.jpg | | Image = Clear cell renal cell carcinoma - 2 -- high mag.jpg | ||
| Width = | | Width = | ||
| Caption = Clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [[H&E stain]]. | | Caption = Clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [[H&E stain]]. | ||
| Micro = solid or [[trabecular]] pattern, polygonal cells usually with clear cytoplasm, central nucleus, delicate branching vasculature (chicken wire-like), +/-hyaline bodies | | Synonyms = conventional renal cell carcinoma | ||
| Subtypes = | | Micro = solid or [[trabecular]] pattern, polygonal cells usually with clear cytoplasm (may be eosinophilic - esp. in high grade tumours), central nucleus, delicate branching vasculature (chicken wire-like), +/-hyaline bodies | ||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]], [[clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma]], [[Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma]], [[adrenocortical carcinoma]], [[alveolar soft part sarcoma]] | | LMDDx = [[chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]], [[clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma]], [[Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma]], [[adrenocortical carcinoma]], [[alveolar soft part sarcoma]] | ||
| Stains = [[Hale's colloidal iron stain]] -ve | | Stains = [[Hale's colloidal iron stain]] -ve | ||
| IHC = CK7 -ve, CK20 -ve, TFE3 -ve | | IHC = [[CA9]] +ve, CK7 -ve, CK20 -ve, TFE3 -ve, PAX8 +ve, vimentin +ve | ||
| EM = | | EM = | ||
| Molecular = | | Molecular = | ||
| IF = | | IF = | ||
| Gross = | | Gross = golden/yellow colour, +/-hemorrhagic, +/-cystic, +/-[[necrosis]] | ||
| Grossing = | | Grossing = [[total nephrectomy for tumour grossing]], [[partial nephrectomy grossing]] | ||
| Staging = [[kidney cancer staging]] | |||
| Site = [[kidney]] - see [[kidney tumours]] | | Site = [[kidney]] - see [[kidney tumours]] | ||
| Assdx = | | Assdx = | ||
| Line 27: | Line 29: | ||
| Other = | | Other = | ||
| ClinDDx = other [[renal tumours]] | | ClinDDx = other [[renal tumours]] | ||
| Tx = surgery, targeted therapies, other drugs | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Clear cell renal cell carcinoma''', abbreviated | '''Clear cell renal cell carcinoma''', abbreviated '''CCRCC''', is the most common type of [[renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
It is also known as '''conventional renal cell carcinoma''' (abbreviated '''CRCC'''). | |||
==General== | ==General== | ||
| Line 35: | Line 40: | ||
*Familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma<ref name=pmid23972705>{{Cite journal | last1 = Keefe | first1 = SM. | last2 = Nathanson | first2 = KL. | last3 = Rathmell | first3 = WK. | title = The molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Semin Oncol | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = 421-8 | month = Aug | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.05.006 | PMID = 23972705 }}</ref> - usually VHL gene mutation.<ref name=pmid17205537>{{Cite journal | last1 = Foster | first1 = RE. | last2 = Abdulrahman | first2 = M. | last3 = Morris | first3 = MR. | last4 = Prigmore | first4 = E. | last5 = Gribble | first5 = S. | last6 = Ng | first6 = B. | last7 = Gentle | first7 = D. | last8 = Ready | first8 = S. | last9 = Weston | first9 = PM. | title = Characterization of a 3;6 translocation associated with renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Genes Chromosomes Cancer | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 311-7 | month = Apr | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/gcc.20403 | PMID = 17205537 }}</ref> | *Familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma<ref name=pmid23972705>{{Cite journal | last1 = Keefe | first1 = SM. | last2 = Nathanson | first2 = KL. | last3 = Rathmell | first3 = WK. | title = The molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Semin Oncol | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = 421-8 | month = Aug | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.05.006 | PMID = 23972705 }}</ref> - usually VHL gene mutation.<ref name=pmid17205537>{{Cite journal | last1 = Foster | first1 = RE. | last2 = Abdulrahman | first2 = M. | last3 = Morris | first3 = MR. | last4 = Prigmore | first4 = E. | last5 = Gribble | first5 = S. | last6 = Ng | first6 = B. | last7 = Gentle | first7 = D. | last8 = Ready | first8 = S. | last9 = Weston | first9 = PM. | title = Characterization of a 3;6 translocation associated with renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Genes Chromosomes Cancer | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 311-7 | month = Apr | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/gcc.20403 | PMID = 17205537 }}</ref> | ||
**VHL gene not mutated in all cases.<ref name=pmid10807693>{{Cite journal | last1 = Woodward | first1 = ER. | last2 = Clifford | first2 = SC. | last3 = Astuti | first3 = D. | last4 = Affara | first4 = NA. | last5 = Maher | first5 = ER. | title = Familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (FCRC): clinical features and mutation analysis of the VHL, MET, and CUL2 candidate genes. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 37 | issue = 5 | pages = 348-53 | month = May | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 10807693 }}</ref> | **VHL gene not mutated in all cases.<ref name=pmid10807693>{{Cite journal | last1 = Woodward | first1 = ER. | last2 = Clifford | first2 = SC. | last3 = Astuti | first3 = D. | last4 = Affara | first4 = NA. | last5 = Maher | first5 = ER. | title = Familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (FCRC): clinical features and mutation analysis of the VHL, MET, and CUL2 candidate genes. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 37 | issue = 5 | pages = 348-53 | month = May | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 10807693 }}</ref> | ||
Treatment: | |||
*Surgery. | |||
*Various drugs. | |||
*Targeted therapies. | |||
**[[Tyrosine kinase inhibitors]] (e.g. [[sunitinib]], sorafenib).<ref name=pmid25467013>{{Cite journal | last1 = Elaidi | first1 = R. | last2 = Harbaoui | first2 = A. | last3 = Beuselinck | first3 = B. | last4 = Eymard | first4 = JC. | last5 = Bamias | first5 = A. | last6 = De Guillebon | first6 = E. | last7 = Porta | first7 = C. | last8 = Vano | first8 = Y. | last9 = Linassier | first9 = C. | title = Outcomes from second-line therapy in long-term responders to first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor in clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Ann Oncol | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 378-85 | month = Feb | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1093/annonc/mdu552 | PMID = 25467013 }}</ref><ref name=pmid21484781>{{Cite journal | last1 = Verma | first1 = J. | last2 = Jonasch | first2 = E. | last3 = Allen | first3 = P. | last4 = Tannir | first4 = N. | last5 = Mahajan | first5 = A. | title = Impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the incidence of brain metastasis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Cancer | volume = 117 | issue = 21 | pages = 4958-65 | month = Nov | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1002/cncr.26138 | PMID = 21484781 }}</ref> | |||
**Anti-VEGF antibodies (e.g. bevacizumab).<ref name=pmid21330923>{{Cite journal | last1 = Singer | first1 = EA. | last2 = Gupta | first2 = GN. | last3 = Srinivasan | first3 = R. | title = Update on targeted therapies for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Curr Opin Oncol | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 283-9 | month = May | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1097/CCO.0b013e32834479c0 | PMID = 21330923 }}</ref> | |||
==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||
* | Features: | ||
*Golden/yellow colour. | |||
*+/-Haemorrhage (common). | *+/-Haemorrhage (common). | ||
*+/-Necrosis (common in large tumours). | *+/-Necrosis (common in large tumours). | ||
*+/-Calcification. | *+/-Calcification. | ||
*+/-Cysts. | *+/-Cysts. | ||
*Usually unifocal. ‡ | |||
Note: | |||
*‡ Approximately 4% of CCRCCs are multifocal (based on a set of 5378 patients).<ref name=pmid22502873>{{Cite journal | last1 = Siracusano | first1 = S. | last2 = Novara | first2 = G. | last3 = Antonelli | first3 = A. | last4 = Artibani | first4 = W. | last5 = Bertini | first5 = R. | last6 = Carini | first6 = M. | last7 = Carmignani | first7 = G. | last8 = Ciciliato | first8 = S. | last9 = Cunico | first9 = SC. | title = Prognostic role of tumour multifocality in renal cell carcinoma. | journal = BJU Int | volume = 110 | issue = 11 Pt B | pages = E443-8 | month = Dec | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11121.x | PMID = 22502873 }}</ref> | |||
===Image=== | ===Image=== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 67: | ||
==Microscopic== | ==Microscopic== | ||
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD1017-8>{{Ref PBoD|1017-8}}</ref> | Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD1017-8>{{Ref PBoD|1017-8}}</ref> | ||
*Clear cytoplasm. | |||
**May have eosinophilic cytoplasm (in high-grade tumours) - usually focal. | |||
*Delicate branching vasculature - '''key feature'''. | |||
**Often called "chicken wire-like" vasculature. | |||
*Solid or [[trabecular]] pattern. | *Solid or [[trabecular]] pattern. | ||
*Polygonal cells. | *Polygonal cells. | ||
*Central nucleus. | *Central nucleus. | ||
*+/-[[Renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid morphology|Rhabdoid cells]]: | |||
*+/-Rhabdoid cells: | |||
**Eccentric nucleus. | **Eccentric nucleus. | ||
**Abundant eosinophilic | **Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
| Line 67: | Line 85: | ||
**Not common in papillary RCC. | **Not common in papillary RCC. | ||
*Clear cytoplasm - due to lipid content. | *Clear cytoplasm - due to lipid content. | ||
*[[Necrosis]] is independent predictor of outcome - if present in a significant quantity:<ref name=pmid25474516>{{Cite journal | last1 = Renshaw | first1 = AA. | last2 = Cheville | first2 = JC. | title = Quantitative tumour necrosis is an independent predictor of overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Pathology | volume = 47 | issue = 1 | pages = 34-7 | month = Jan | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1097/PAT.0000000000000193 | PMID = 25474516 }}</ref> | |||
**>30% is significant for pT3a tumours. | |||
**>20% is significant for pT1-2 pN0 tumours. | |||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
| Line 75: | Line 96: | ||
**EMA -ve, CKs mostly -ve, inhibin +ve (neg. in RCC).<ref name=Ref_GUP285>{{Ref GUP|285}}</ref> | **EMA -ve, CKs mostly -ve, inhibin +ve (neg. in RCC).<ref name=Ref_GUP285>{{Ref GUP|285}}</ref> | ||
*[[Alveolar soft part sarcoma]]. | *[[Alveolar soft part sarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Adrenal gland]], normal. | *[[Adrenal gland]], normal cortex - wispy, vacuolated. | ||
*[[Epithelioid angiomyolipoma]]. | |||
*[[Benign clear cell clusters of the kidney]]. | |||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
====Case 1==== | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image: | Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma - 2 -- intermed mag.jpg | CCRCC - intermed. mag. (WC) | ||
Image: | Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma - 2 -- high mag.jpg | CCRCC - high mag. (WC) | ||
Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma - 2 -- very high mag.jpg | CCRCC - very high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
====Case 2==== | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma -- intermed mag.jpg | CCRCC - intermed. mag. (WC) | Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma -- intermed mag.jpg | CCRCC - intermed. mag. (WC) | ||
Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma -- high mag.jpg | CCRCC - high mag. (WC) | Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma -- high mag.jpg | CCRCC - high mag. (WC) | ||
Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma -- very high mag.jpg | CCRCC - very high mag. (WC) | Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma -- very high mag.jpg | CCRCC - very high mag. (WC) | ||
</gallery> | |||
====Case 3==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Clear_cell_renal_cell_carcinoma_intermed_mag.jpg | CRCC - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron) | |||
Image:Clear_cell_renal_cell_carcinoma_high_mag.jpg | CRCC - high mag. (WC/Nephron) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| Line 100: | Line 131: | ||
*CD10 +ve. | *CD10 +ve. | ||
*Vimentin +ve. | *Vimentin +ve. | ||
*CK7 -ve. | *CK7 -ve. | ||
**Strong CK7 staining is more in keeping with [[clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma]]<ref name=pmid26457355>{{Cite journal | last1 = Williamson | first1 = SR. | last2 = Gupta | first2 = NS. | last3 = Eble | first3 = JN. | last4 = Rogers | first4 = CG. | last5 = Michalowski | first5 = S. | last6 = Zhang | first6 = S. | last7 = Wang | first7 = M. | last8 = Grignon | first8 = DJ. | last9 = Cheng | first9 = L. | title = Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With Borderline Features of Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Combined Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Cytogenetic Analysis. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 39 | issue = 11 | pages = 1502-10 | month = Nov | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000514 | PMID = 26457355 }}</ref> or the evolving entity of [[TCEB1-mutated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*CK20 -ve. | *CK20 -ve. | ||
*Glut-1 >85% of CCRCC (membranous pattern).<ref name=pmid17638658>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ozcan | first1 = A. | last2 = Shen | first2 = SS. | last3 = Zhai | first3 = QJ. | last4 = Truong | first4 = LD. | title = Expression of GLUT1 in primary renal tumors: morphologic and biologic implications. | journal = Am J Clin Pathol | volume = 128 | issue = 2 | pages = 245-54 | month = Aug | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1309/HV6NJVRQKK4QHM9F | PMID = 17638658 }}</ref> | |||
*E-cadherin +ve - usually weak, often -ve in higher stage tumours.<ref name=pmid23939157>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hu | first1 = H. | last2 = Chen | first2 = JW. | last3 = Xu | first3 = KX. | last4 = Wang | first4 = D. | last5 = Wang | first5 = Y. | last6 = Wang | first6 = GW. | last7 = Zhang | first7 = SY. | last8 = Wang | first8 = XF. | title = [Expressions of CMTM8 and E-cadherin in primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma]. | journal = Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 537-41 | month = Aug | year = 2013 | doi = | PMID = 23939157 }}</ref> | |||
*CAIX (also CA9) +ve. | |||
A panel to confirm the diagnosis: | |||
*CK7 (-ve), CD10 (+ve), PAX8 (+ve), vimentin (+ve). | |||
===CCRCC versus [[chromophobe RCC]]=== | ===CCRCC versus [[chromophobe RCC]]=== | ||
ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364 >{{cite journal |author=Amin MB, Epstein JI, Ulbright TM, ''et al.'' |title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in urologic pathology: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=1017–22 |year=2014 |month=August |pmid=25025364 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000254 |url=}}</ref> | ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364 >{{cite journal |author=Amin MB, Epstein JI, Ulbright TM, ''et al.'' |title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in urologic pathology: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=1017–22 |year=2014 |month=August |pmid=25025364 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000254 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*CD117 -ve (+ve in ChRCC). | *CD117 -ve (+ve in ChRCC). | ||
* | **Aguilar-León ''et al.'' found ~8% of CCRCC are CD117 +ve.<ref name=pmid25643775>{{Cite journal | last1 = Aguilar-León | first1 = D. | last2 = Del Ángel-Millán | first2 = G. | last3 = Zepeda-Quiroz | first3 = I. | last4 = Soria-Céspedes | first4 = D. | title = [Immunohistochemical Expression of CD117 (c-kit) in 75 Renal Cell Tumors]. | journal = Gac Med Mex | volume = 150 Suppl 2 | issue = | pages = 156-60 | month = Dec | year = 2014 | doi = | PMID = 25643775 }}</ref> | ||
*CK7 -ve (+ve in ChRCC). | **Liu ''et al.'' found ~80% of ChRCC are CD117 +ve.<ref name=pmid17683191/> | ||
*CA9 ([[carbonic anhydrase 9]]) +ve (membranous).<ref name=pmid21677535>{{cite journal |author=Al-Ahmadie HA, Alden D, Fine SW, ''et al.'' |title=Role of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of needle core biopsies in adult renal cortical tumors: an ex vivo study |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=949–61 |year=2011 |month=July |pmid=21677535 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e31821e25cd |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[CK7]] -ve (+ve in ChRCC). | |||
May also be useful: | |||
*Vimentin +ve. | *Vimentin +ve. | ||
**-ve in ChRCC. | **-ve in ChRCC.<ref name=pmid17683191>{{Cite journal | last1 = Liu | first1 = L. | last2 = Qian | first2 = J. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Meiers | first4 = I. | last5 = Zhou | first5 = X. | last6 = Bostwick | first6 = DG. | title = Immunohistochemical analysis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma: an optimal and practical panel for differential diagnosis. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 131 | issue = 8 | pages = 1290-7 | month = Aug | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1290:IAOCRC]2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 17683191 }}</ref> | ||
===CCRCC versus [[CCPRCC]]=== | ===CCRCC versus [[CCPRCC]]=== | ||
ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364/> | [[ISUP]] recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364/> | ||
* | *CA9 +ve (strong membranous). | ||
*CK7 -ve. | *CK7 -ve. | ||
**Usually +ve in [[clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*AMACR -ve. | *AMACR -ve. | ||
| Line 125: | Line 164: | ||
**Usually -ve in [[clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma]]. | **Usually -ve in [[clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
===CCRCC versus Xp11 translocation carcinomas=== | ===CCRCC versus Xp11.2 translocation carcinomas=== | ||
ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364/> | ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364/> | ||
*Cathepsin K -ve.<ref name=pmid21602817>{{cite journal |author=Martignoni G, Gobbo S, Camparo P, ''et al.'' |title=Differential expression of cathepsin K in neoplasms harboring TFE3 gene fusions |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1313–9 |year=2011 |month=October |pmid=21602817 |doi=10.1038/modpathol.2011.93 |url=}}</ref> | *Cathepsin K -ve.<ref name=pmid21602817>{{cite journal |author=Martignoni G, Gobbo S, Camparo P, ''et al.'' |title=Differential expression of cathepsin K in neoplasms harboring TFE3 gene fusions |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1313–9 |year=2011 |month=October |pmid=21602817 |doi=10.1038/modpathol.2011.93 |url=}}</ref> | ||
| Line 132: | Line 171: | ||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||
===Biopsy=== | |||
<pre> | |||
Kidney Mass, Left, Core Biopsy: | |||
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | |||
- ISUP nucleolar grade 2 (based on biopsy) | |||
- No renal parenchyma identified | |||
Comment: | |||
The quantity of tissue available at microscopy is very limited. | |||
Immunostains confirm the morphologic impression (see microscopic). | |||
</pre> | |||
====MDA form==== | |||
<pre> | |||
Kidney Mass, Left, Core Biopsy: | |||
- CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, preliminary ISUP nucleolar grade 2 (see comment). | |||
- No renal parenchyma identified. | |||
Comment: | |||
The quantity of tissue at microscopy is limited, and may not be representative | |||
of the lesion identified radiologically. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Resection=== | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
*The surgeon wants the diagnosis and margin status; thus, these are included in the diagnosis line with the tumour stage. | *The surgeon wants the diagnosis and margin status; thus, these are included in the diagnosis line with the tumour stage. | ||
<pre> | |||
Left Kidney, Radical Nephrectomy: | |||
- CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA. | |||
-- Margins clear. | |||
-- Please see synoptic report. | |||
</pre> | |||
====Block letters==== | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
KIDNEY, LEFT, NEPHRECTOMY: | KIDNEY, LEFT, NEPHRECTOMY: | ||
| Line 142: | Line 213: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
===Adrenal gland present=== | ====Adrenal gland present==== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
KIDNEY, RIGHT, RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY: | KIDNEY, RIGHT, RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY: | ||
| Line 162: | Line 233: | ||
The sections show a tumour with a chicken wire-like vasculature composed of clear cells with basally stratified nuclei. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages are present. Necrosis is present. Abundant hyaline globules are present. | The sections show a tumour with a chicken wire-like vasculature composed of clear cells with basally stratified nuclei. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages are present. Necrosis is present. Abundant hyaline globules are present. | ||
There is no perinuclear clearing. The cytoplasm is not | There is no perinuclear clearing. The cytoplasm is not wispy. Papillae are not evident. | ||
Rare, small nucleoli are visible with the 10x objective. The tumour nuclei are approximately 15 micrometers. | Rare, small nucleoli are visible with the 10x objective. The tumour nuclei are approximately 15 micrometers. | ||
| Line 173: | Line 244: | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Kidney tumours]]. | *[[Kidney tumours]]. | ||
*[[TCEB1-mutated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid morphology]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||