Difference between revisions of "Cardiac tumours"
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(rhabyomyoma, rhabyosarc, more) |
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==Metastasis== | ==Metastasis== | ||
*Most common cardiac tumour; 1:~100 primary tumours:secondary tumours.<ref name= | *Most common cardiac tumour; 1:~100 primary tumours:secondary tumours.<ref name=pmid20472615>{{Cite journal | last1 = Castillo | first1 = JG. | last2 = Silvay | first2 = G. | title = Characterization and management of cardiac tumors. | journal = Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6-20 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1177/1089253210362596 | PMID = 20472615 }}</ref> | ||
*Usually from lung. (???) | *Usually from lung. (???) | ||
Malignant heart tumours:<ref name= | Malignant heart tumours:<ref name=pmid20472615>{{Cite journal | last1 = Castillo | first1 = JG. | last2 = Silvay | first2 = G. | title = Characterization and management of cardiac tumors. | journal = Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6-20 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1177/1089253210362596 | PMID = 20472615 }}</ref> | ||
#Undifferentiated. | #Undifferentiated. | ||
#Angiosarcomas. | #Angiosarcomas. | ||
Revision as of 12:57, 29 September 2010
Cardiac tumours are rare buggers.
Common heart tumours
- Approximately 10% of resected (primary) cardiac tumours are malignant.[1]
- 90% are sarcomas.
- 10% are lymphomas.
In order of frequency:
- Myxoma.
- Lipoma.
- Papillary fibroelastoma.
Notes:
- If one is considering only valves - papillary fibroelastoma is No. 1.
Myxoma
General
- Rare.
- Clinical: may lead to cerebral infarction.[2]
- Diagnosed by imaging.
Most common presentations:[2]
- Dyspnea - 45%.
- Neurologic symptoms 36%.
Gross
Location:[2]
- Usually atrial.
- Usually left side.
Features:[3]
- Lobular surface.
- Smooth surface.
Histology
Features:[3]
- Myxoid material - extra cellular (???) - key feature.
- Calcified elastic fibers - gamna bodies.
- Hemorrhage common.
- Often covered by endothelium.
Images:
- Atrial myxoma (wikimedia.org).
- Atrial myxoma - endothelial covering (wikimedia.org).
- Atrial myxoma - sharp border (wikimedia.org).
Rhabdomyoma
- Very rare.
- Benign.
- Associated with tuberous sclerosis.[4]
Rhabdomyosarcoma
See soft tissue tumours.
Lipoma
- Like lipomas elsewhere in the body.
Metastasis
- Most common cardiac tumour; 1:~100 primary tumours:secondary tumours.[5]
- Usually from lung. (???)
Malignant heart tumours:[5]
- Undifferentiated.
- Angiosarcomas.
- Leiomyosarcomas.
Fibroelastoma
General
- AKA papillary fibroelastoma.
- Usually an incidental finding.
Microscopic
Features:[6]
- Braching papillary fronds which are:
- Composed of collagen, and
- Avascular.
- +/-Elastic tissue.
- Surrounded by:
- Endothelium, and
- Mucopolysaccharide.
Micrographs:
- Papillary fibroelastoma - low magnification (commons.wikimedia.org).
- Papillary fibroelastoma - intermediate magnification (commons.wikimedia.org).
Gross
- Friable appearing.
- Yellow.
- Typically on free edge.
See also
References
- ↑ Burke A (February 2008). "Primary malignant cardiac tumors". Semin Diagn Pathol 25 (1): 39-46. PMID 18350921.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Knepper LE, Biller J, Adams HP, Bruno A (November 1988). "Neurologic manifestations of atrial myxoma. A 12-year experience and review". Stroke 19 (11): 1435-40. PMID 3188128. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/11/1435.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Grebenc ML, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Green CE, Burke AP, Galvin JR (2002). "Cardiac myxoma: imaging features in 83 patients". Radiographics 22 (3): 673-89. PMID 12006696. http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/22/3/673.long.
- ↑ Yinon, Y.; Chitayat, D.; Blaser, S.; Seed, M.; Amsalem, H.; Yoo, SJ.; Jaeggi, ET. (Aug 2010). "Fetal cardiac tumors: a single-center experience of 40 cases.". Prenat Diagn. doi:10.1002/pd.2590. PMID 20721876.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Castillo, JG.; Silvay, G. (Mar 2010). "Characterization and management of cardiac tumors.". Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 14 (1): 6-20. doi:10.1177/1089253210362596. PMID 20472615.
- ↑ http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/hearttumor.html