Revision as of 02:08, 6 April 2012

Cancer staging systems are something pathologists ought to be familiar with.

Overview

TNM staging system - most common.
Durie-Salmon system - multiple myeloma.
Ann Arbour system - for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (excluding mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome).
St. Jude system - pediatric pathology.
WHO grading system - for CNS tumours.

Table of modifiers:^[1]

Modifier	Meaning	Example	Notes
m	multiple tumours	pT(m)NM or pT2(2)N0Mx	tumour stage = highest stage of all the individual tumours
c	clinical stage	cTNM	if it is not specified clinical is assumed
p	pathologic stage	pTNM	derived from a surgical specimen or biopsy
a	stage at autopsy	aTNM	malignancy was not staged previously or treated - unless otherwise specified
y	staging after therapy	ypTNM	do not try to estimate pretreatment stage
r	recurrent tumour stage	rTNM	must have a clinically documented disease freedom

Lymphovascular invasion usually does not affect the tumour stage.
- Exceptions:
  - Seminoma.
  - Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 |-
 |}
-===T stage===
+===Tumour stage===
-*Tumour stage.
+*[[Lymphovascular invasion]] usually does not affect the tumour stage.
-*[[Lymphovascular invasion]] usually does not affect stage.
 **Exceptions:
 ***[[Seminoma]].
 ***Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
-===N stage===
+===Nodal stage===
 *[[Lymph node]] involvement.
-===M stage===
+===Metastasis stage===
 *[[Metastases]].