Difference between revisions of "Cancer staging systems"
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*Generally dependent on the specific site. | *Generally dependent on the specific site. | ||
===Modifiers=== | |||
Table of modifiers:<ref>URL: [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page3 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page3]. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.</ref> | Table of modifiers:<ref>URL: [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page3 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page3]. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.</ref> | ||
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===T stage=== | |||
*Tumour stage. | |||
*[[Lymphovascular invasion]] usually does not affect stage. | |||
**Exceptions: | |||
***[[Seminoma]]. | |||
***Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. | |||
===N stage=== | |||
*[[Lymph node]] involvement. | |||
===M stage=== | |||
*[[Metastases]]. | |||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
Revision as of 01:59, 6 April 2012
Cancer staging systems are something pathologists ought to be familiar with.
Overview
- TNM staging system - most common.
- Durie-Salmon system - multiple myeloma.
- Ann Arbour system - for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (excluding mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome).
- St. Jude system - pediatric pathology.
- WHO grading system - for CNS tumours.
TNM staging system
- Most common.
- Generally dependent on the specific site.
Modifiers
Table of modifiers:[1]
| Modifier | Meaning | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| m | multiple tumours | pT(m)NM or pT2(2)N0Mx | tumour stage = highest stage of all the individual tumours |
| c | clinical stage | cTNM | if it is not specified clinical is assumed |
| p | pathologic stage | pTNM | derived from a surgical specimen or biopsy |
| a | stage at autopsy | aTNM | malignancy was not staged previously or treated - unless otherwise specified |
| y | staging after therapy | ypTNM | do not try to estimate pretreatment stage |
| r | recurrent tumour stage | rTNM | must have a clinically documented disease freedom |
T stage
- Tumour stage.
- Lymphovascular invasion usually does not affect stage.
- Exceptions:
- Seminoma.
- Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
- Exceptions:
N stage
- Lymph node involvement.
M stage
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page3. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.