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CDX2 (view source)

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'''CDX2''' is a commonly used [[immunostain]].
{{ Infobox immunostain
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Thyroid PapillaryCarcinoma CribriformMorularVariant CDX2 HP 13BR***.jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = CDX2 immunostaining in the [[papillary thyroid carcinoma cribriform morular variant]].
| Abbrev    = CDX2
| Synonyms  =
| Similar    =
| Clones    =     
| Use        =
| Subspecial = 
| Pattern    = nuclear
| Positive  = colorectal adenocarcinoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, [[yolk sac tumour]], [[ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma]]
| Negative  = [[lung adenocarcinoma]]
| Other      =
}}
'''CDX2''' is a commonly used [[immunostain]] in pathology. It is a nuclear stain.


==Normal==
==Normal==
*Intestinal epithelium.<ref name=pmid14668551>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Groisman | first1 = GM. | last2 = Meir | first2 = A. | last3 = Sabo | first3 = E. | title = The value of Cdx2 immunostaining in differentiating primary ovarian carcinomas from colonic carcinomas metastatic to the ovaries. | journal = Int J Gynecol Pathol | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 52-7 | month = Jan | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1097/01.pgp.0000101141.31270.a0 | PMID = 14668551 }}</ref>
*Intestinal epithelium.<ref name=pmid14668551>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Groisman | first1 = GM. | last2 = Meir | first2 = A. | last3 = Sabo | first3 = E. | title = The value of Cdx2 immunostaining in differentiating primary ovarian carcinomas from colonic carcinomas metastatic to the ovaries. | journal = Int J Gynecol Pathol | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 52-7 | month = Jan | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1097/01.pgp.0000101141.31270.a0 | PMID = 14668551 }}</ref>
*Pancreatic ducts.<ref name=pmid13679455>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Moskaluk | first1 = CA. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = H. | last3 = Powell | first3 = SM. | last4 = Cerilli | first4 = LA. | last5 = Hampton | first5 = GM. | last6 = Frierson | first6 = HF. | title = Cdx2 protein expression in normal and malignant human tissues: an immunohistochemical survey using tissue microarrays. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 16 | issue = 9 | pages = 913-9 | month = Sep | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1097/01.MP.0000086073.92773.55 | PMID = 13679455 }}
</ref>


==Pathology==
==Pathology==
*Intestinal adenocarcinomas +ve.
===Positive===
**[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]].
*Intestinal adenocarcinomas.
**[[Small bowel]] adenocarcinoma +ve/-ve (~43% +ve in series of 189 cases<ref name=pmid24603585>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Jun | first1 = SY. | last2 = Eom | first2 = DW. | last3 = Park | first3 = H. | last4 = Bae | first4 = YK. | last5 = Jang | first5 = KT. | last6 = Yu | first6 = E. | last7 = Hong | first7 = SM. | title = Prognostic significance of CDX2 and mucin expression in small intestinal adenocarcinoma. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Mar | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2014.36 | PMID = 24603585 }}</ref>).
**[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]] ~ 90% of cases.<ref name=pmid13679455/>
*[[Ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma]] +ve.<ref name=pmid14668551/>
*[[Neuroendocrine tumours]].<ref name=pmid15640551>{{cite journal |authors=Erickson LA, Papouchado B, Dimashkieh H, Zhang S, Nakamura N, Lloyd RV |title=Cdx2 as a marker for neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary sites |journal=Endocr Pathol |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=247–52 |date=2004 |pmid=15640551 |doi=10.1385/ep:15:3:247 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Lung adenocarcinoma]] -ve (<5% +ve in 20 cases<ref name=pmid17549351>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tanaka | first1 = S. | last2 = Saito | first2 = K. | last3 = Ito | first3 = T. | last4 = Tajima | first4 = K. | last5 = Mogi | first5 = A. | last6 = Shitara | first6 = Y. | last7 = Sano | first7 = T. | last8 = Kuwano | first8 = H. | title = CDX2 as a useful marker of colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases to lung in pre-operative biopsy specimens. | journal = Oncol Rep | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 87-92 | month = Jul | year = 2007 | doi =  | PMID = 17549351 }}</ref>).
 
====Sometimes positive====
*[[Stomach adenocarcinoma]] ~20-30% of cases.<ref name=pmid13679455/>
*[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma]] ~20-30% of cases.<ref name=pmid13679455/>
*[[Ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma]]<ref name=pmid14668551/> ~20-30% of cases.<ref name=pmid13679455/>
*[[Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma]] ~20-30% of cases.<ref name=pmid13679455/>
*[[Yolk sac tumour]] (8 +ve of 20 cases<ref name=pmid19578052>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bing | first1 = Z. | last2 = Pasha | first2 = T. | last3 = Tomaszewski | first3 = JE. | last4 = Zhang | first4 = P. | title = CDX2 expression in yolk sac component of testicular germ cell tumors. | journal = Int J Surg Pathol | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 373-7 | month = Oct | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1177/1066896909338598 | PMID = 19578052 }}</ref>).
*[[Small bowel]] adenocarcinoma +ve/-ve (~43% +ve in series of 189 cases<ref name=pmid24603585>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Jun | first1 = SY. | last2 = Eom | first2 = DW. | last3 = Park | first3 = H. | last4 = Bae | first4 = YK. | last5 = Jang | first5 = KT. | last6 = Yu | first6 = E. | last7 = Hong | first7 = SM. | title = Prognostic significance of CDX2 and mucin expression in small intestinal adenocarcinoma. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Mar | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2014.36 | PMID = 24603585 }}</ref>).
 
===Negative===
*[[Lung adenocarcinoma]] -ve.
**<5% +ve in 20 cases.<ref name=pmid17549351>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tanaka | first1 = S. | last2 = Saito | first2 = K. | last3 = Ito | first3 = T. | last4 = Tajima | first4 = K. | last5 = Mogi | first5 = A. | last6 = Shitara | first6 = Y. | last7 = Sano | first7 = T. | last8 = Kuwano | first8 = H. | title = CDX2 as a useful marker of colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases to lung in pre-operative biopsy specimens. | journal = Oncol Rep | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 87-92 | month = Jul | year = 2007 | doi =  | PMID = 17549351 }}</ref>
**~12% of 93 cases +ve, all positive cases TTF-1 +ve and napsin A +ve.<ref name=pmid26469326>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Cowan | first1 = ML. | last2 = Li | first2 = QK. | last3 = Illei | first3 = PB. | title = CDX-2 Expression in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma. | journal = Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 16-9 | month = Jan | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000250 | PMID = 26469326 }}</ref>
*[[Choroid plexus papilloma]]s -ve (0 in 65 cases<ref name=pmid19795349>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Beschorner | first1 = R. | last2 = Mittelbronn | first2 = M. | last3 = Mugler | first3 = M. | last4 = Meyermann | first4 = R. | last5 = Schittenhelm | first5 = J. | title = Immunohistochemical analysis of CDX2 expression in normal choroid plexus epithelium and choroid plexus tumors. | journal = Histol Histopathol | volume = 24 | issue = 12 | pages = 1507-14 | month = Dec | year = 2009 | doi =  | PMID = 19795349 }}</ref>).
*[[Pituitary adenoma]] & [[Craniopharyngioma]] (0 in 75 and 0 in 23 cases <ref name=pmid20602288> {{Cite journal  | last1 = Schittenhelm | first1 = J. | last2 = Psaras | first2 = T. | last3 = Meyermann | first3 = R. | last4 = Honegger | first4 = J. | last5 = Beschorner | first5 = R. | title = Pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas are CDX2 negative neoplasms. | journal = Folia Neuropathol | volume = 48 | issue = 2 | pages = 75-80 | month =  | year = 2010 | doi =  | PMID = 20602288 }}</ref>).
 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Reflist|1}}


[[Category:Immunohistochemistry]]
[[Category:Immunohistochemistry]]
Michael
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