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Difference between revisions of "Basics"
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→DDx in medicine: cytology & malignancy
(→Lung granulomata: wikify, format) |
(→DDx in medicine: cytology & malignancy) |
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| Line 116: | Line 116: | ||
In diagnostic pathology, most stuff falls into the ''neoplastic'' category. | In diagnostic pathology, most stuff falls into the ''neoplastic'' category. | ||
===Cytologic features & malignancy=== | |||
Generally, it is said that:<ref name=boerner>S. Boerner. 12 September 2011.</ref> | |||
#Nuclear abnormalities make a cell malignant, and | |||
#The cytoplasm gives one clues as to the origin. | |||
Nuclear features and malignancy:<ref name=boerner>S. Boerner. 12 September 2011.</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" | |||
! Feature | |||
! Strength in predicting malignancy? | |||
|- | |||
| Large nuclear size | |||
| weak | |||
|- | |||
| Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio | |||
| strong | |||
|- | |||
| Nuclear pleomorphism | |||
| weak | |||
|- | |||
| Nucleoli shape (angulated, spiked, complex) | |||
| strong | |||
|- | |||
| Nucleoli size | |||
| weak - generally; strong if like in a [[Hodgkin lymphoma|RS cell]] | |||
|- | |||
| High nucleoli number | |||
| weak negative; finding favours benign | |||
|- | |||
| Chromatin hyperchromasia | |||
| weak | |||
|- | |||
| Chromatin granularity | |||
| strong | |||
|- | |||
| Nuclear membrane irregularities | |||
| strong (clefting, flat edges, sharp angles), <br>scalloped (suggests benign) | |||
|- | |||
| Mitoses | |||
| weak § | |||
|- | |||
| Atypical mitoses | |||
| strong | |||
|} | |||
§ mitoses are seen in poorly differentiated tumour and regeneration. High mitotic rate in the context of unremarkable nuclear morphology is usually not malignant. | |||
===Basic pathologic [[DDx]] of malignancy=== | ===Basic pathologic [[DDx]] of malignancy=== | ||