Bacteria

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Bacteria are single celled microorganisms, without a nucleus (prokaryotes), that can cause lots of morbidity and mortality. They are not infrequently seen by pathologists.

Actinobacteria

  • Previously known actinomycetes.

General

  • IUD needs to be removed if found on a pap test.
  • Gram-positive cocci.
  • Common in the tonsils.

Microscopic

Features:[1]

  • Cocci.
  • Typically form pink/purple granule ("sulfur granule") that is surrounded by inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils).

DDx:

  • Nocardia

Images:

Stains

  • Gram +ve.
  • AFB -ve.
    • Nocardia +ve.

Helicobacter pylori

See Stomach.

Clostridium difficile

  • Commonly C. difficile.

General

  • Gram positive bacillus.

One virulent strain is:[2][3] BI/NAP1.

  • Deletion of tcdC locus.
  • Resistant to fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin).

See also

References

  1. URL: http://pathology.class.kmu.edu.tw/ch05/Slide42.htm . Accessed on: 14 September 2011.
  2. URL: http://www.medpagetoday.com/InfectiousDisease/PublicHealth/2254. Accessed on: 15 August 2011.
  3. McDonald, LC.; Killgore, GE.; Thompson, A.; Owens, RC.; Kazakova, SV.; Sambol, SP.; Johnson, S.; Gerding, DN. (Dec 2005). "An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile.". N Engl J Med 353 (23): 2433-41. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051590. PMID 16322603.