Anus

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The anus occasionally shows-up on the pathologists desk. It sometimes comes with the rectum and colon, as an abdominoperoneal resection (APR).

Anal neoplasia

Immunosuppressed individuals and homosexuals have a higher risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer.[1][2]

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia

  • Abbreviated AIN.

General

  • Precursor lesion of anal cancer.
  • Usually HPV associated.

Grading

AIN is graded much like cervical intraepithelial neoplasia:

  • High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN).
  • Low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (LGAIN).

Anal cancer

Hidradenoma papilliferum

See Hidradenoma papilliferum.

Hemorrhoids

General

  • Benign.

Clinical:

  • +/-Bright red blood per rectum (BRBPR).
  • +/-Painful.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Polypoid lesion:
    • Large dilated veins +/- fibrin thrombi.
    • Fibrotic stroma.
    • Squamous epithelium +/- keratinization.

See also

References

  1. Park IU, Palefsky JM (March 2010). "Evaluation and Management of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men". Curr Infect Dis Rep 12 (2): 126–133. doi:10.1007/s11908-010-0090-7. PMC 2860554. PMID 20461117. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860554/.
  2. Czoski-Murray C, Karnon J, Jones R, Smith K, Kinghorn G (November 2010). "Cost-effectiveness of screening high-risk HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-positive women for anal cancer". Health Technol Assess 14 (53): 1–131. doi:10.3310/hta14530. PMID 21083999.