Aneurysm

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Aneurysm
Diagnosis in short

Temporal artery aneurysm. H&E stain.
Site mostly cerebral, blood vessels

Clinical history variable
Prognosis dependent on subtype

An aneurysm is an abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.

Aortic aneurysm

Main article: Aortic dissection

  • Dilation < 1.5 times [1]


Coronar (heart) aneurysm

Cerebral (intracranial) aneurysm

Clinic

  • usu. asymptomatic.
    • after rupture: sudden severe headache, nausea, vision impairment, vomiting, loss of consciousness.

Classification

  • Size:
    • Small < 15 mm, large (15 to 25 mm), giant (25 to 50 mm) and super-giant (> 50 mm).
  • Shape:
  • Location:

Distribution of cerebral aneurysms (Nicholas Zaorsky, M.D.)

Micro

  • Berry aneurysm:
  • Fusiform aneurysm:
    • often middle segment of basal arteries.
    • enlagement: several centimeters.
    • marked atreriosclerosis (histiocytes, hemorrhage, calcification, inflammation).
  • Infective aneurysm:
    • high mortality (30% in bacterial, 90% in fungal).
    • seen in 3% of patients with infectious endocarditis.
    • history of drug abuse.
    • inflammation of the vessel wall (ectasia).
      • usu. from the adventitia inwards.
    • Presence of microorganisms.


Image

See also

References

  1. Johnston, KW.; Rutherford, RB.; Tilson, MD.; Shah, DM.; Hollier, L.; Stanley, JC. (Mar 1991). "Suggested standards for reporting on arterial aneurysms. Subcommittee on Reporting Standards for Arterial Aneurysms, Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards, Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.". J Vasc Surg 13 (3): 452-8. PMID 1999868.