Anal squamous cell carcinoma

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Anal squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of anal cancer.[1]

Anal squamous cell carcinoma
Diagnosis in short

Anal squamous cell carcinoma. H&E stain.
LM DDx anal intraepithelial neoplasia
Site anus

Clinical history +/-men who have sex with men, +/-immunodeficiency or immunosuppression
Prevalence most common anal cancer, overall uncommon
Treatment surgical excision

It is also known as anal squamous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

General

  • Most common form of anal cancer.[1]
  • Overall anal cancer uncommon.[1]
  • Strong association with HPV.[2]

Risk factors:[3]

  • Men who have sex with men.
  • Immunosuppressed.
  • HIV infection.

Microscopic

Features:

DDx:

Images

DDx:

IHC

  • p16 +ve.[4]
  • CDX2 -ve/+ve.

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RECTUM, DISTAL, BIOPSY:
- INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ghosn, M.; Kourie, HR.; Abdayem, P.; Antoun, J.; Nasr, D. (Feb 2015). "Anal cancer treatment: Current status and future perspectives.". World J Gastroenterol 21 (8): 2294-2302. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2294. PMID 25741135.
  2. Cornall, AM.; Roberts, JM.; Garland, SM.; Hillman, RJ.; Grulich, AE.; Tabrizi, SN. (Nov 2013). "Anal and perianal squamous carcinomas and high-grade intraepithelial lesions exclusively associated with "low-risk" HPV genotypes 6 and 11.". Int J Cancer 133 (9): 2253-8. doi:10.1002/ijc.28228. PMID 23616200.
  3. Kutlubay, Z.; Engin, B.; Zara, T.; Tüzün, Y.. "Anogenital malignancies and premalignancies: Facts and controversies.". Clin Dermatol 31 (4): 362-73. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.01.003. PMID 23806153.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Gunia, S.; Koch, S.; May, M. (Feb 2013). "Is CDX2 immunostaining useful for delineating anorectal from penile/vulvar squamous cancer in the setting of squamous cell carcinoma with clinically unknown primary site presenting with histologically confirmed inguinal lymph node metastasis?". J Clin Pathol 66 (2): 109-12. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201138. PMID 23105122.