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This article covers '''abusive head trauma''' in infants. It commonly goes by the name '''shaken baby syndrome'''. | This article covers '''abusive head trauma''' in infants. It commonly goes by the name '''shaken baby syndrome''', abbreviated '''SBS'''. A common alternate term is '''shaken-impact syndrome'''; this is advocated by some as it is uncertain shaking alone is sufficient to cause the classic pattern of injuries. | ||
==Defining features== | ==Defining features== | ||
===Clinical triad=== | ===Clinical triad=== | ||
Classically described as:<ref name=pmid18365221>{{cite journal |author=Oehmichen M, Schleiss D, Pedal I, Saternus KS, Gerling I, Meissner C |title=Shaken baby syndrome: re-examination of diffuse axonal injury as cause of death |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=317–29 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18365221 |doi=10.1007/s00401-008-0356-4 |url=}}</ref> | Classically described as:<ref name=pmid18365221>{{cite journal |author=Oehmichen M, Schleiss D, Pedal I, Saternus KS, Gerling I, Meissner C |title=Shaken baby syndrome: re-examination of diffuse axonal injury as cause of death |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=317–29 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18365221 |doi=10.1007/s00401-008-0356-4 |url=}}</ref> | ||
#Retinal haemorrhage. | |||
#[[Subdural hemorrhage]] (SDH). | |||
#Acute encephalopathy. | |||
#*Some say ''brain swelling''.<ref>David Ramsay. 9 September 2010.</ref> | |||
===Pathologic triad=== | ===Pathologic triad=== | ||
#Subdural hemorrhage (SDH). | |||
#*May be "thin film" type. | |||
#Retinal hemorrhage/nerve sheath hemorrhage.<ref name=pmid18936952>{{Cite journal | last1 = Matschke | first1 = J. | last2 = Püschel | first2 = K. | last3 = Glatzel | first3 = M. | title = Ocular pathology in shaken baby syndrome and other forms of infantile non-accidental head injury. | journal = Int J Legal Med | volume = 123 | issue = 3 | pages = 189-97 | month = May | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-008-0293-8 | PMID = 18936952 }}</ref> | |||
#Hypoxic encephalopathy. | |||
===Other features=== | ===Other features=== | ||
Subcortical slit-like | Subcortical slit-like hemorrhages:<ref>URL: [http://books.google.com/books?id=0tZIcDDe6bAC&pg=PA481&lpg=PA481&dq=slit+white+matter+hemorrhage&source=bl&ots=1v-PVo2cmI&sig=HCnZBVYvyst8vC-ZcXL396pTrIk&hl=en&ei=oh2JTMy-NsSqlAf78qyBDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBEQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=slit%20white%20matter%20hemorrhage&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=0tZIcDDe6bAC&pg=PA481&lpg=PA481&dq=slit+white+matter+hemorrhage&source=bl&ots=1v-PVo2cmI&sig=HCnZBVYvyst8vC-ZcXL396pTrIk&hl=en&ei=oh2JTMy-NsSqlAf78qyBDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBEQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=slit%20white%20matter%20hemorrhage&f=false]. Accessed on: 9 September 2010.</ref><ref>David Ramsay. 9 September 2010.</ref> | ||
*Classically frontal lobe. | *Classically frontal lobe. | ||
*Shear force. | *Shear force. | ||
*Associated with shaken baby. | *Associated with shaken baby syndrome. | ||
==Related== | ==Related== | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
*Coagulopathy, as may be seen in sepsis. | *Coagulopathy, as may be seen in sepsis. | ||
*Trauma. | *Trauma. | ||
===Subcortical hemorrhage=== | |||
*Associated with cerebral vein thrombosis.<ref name=pmid7622677>{{Cite journal | last1 = Keiper | first1 = MD. | last2 = Ng | first2 = SE. | last3 = Atlas | first3 = SW. | last4 = Grossman | first4 = RI. | title = Subcortical hemorrhage: marker for radiographically occult cerebral vein thrombosis on CT. | journal = J Comput Assist Tomogr | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 527-31 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 7622677 }}</ref> | |||
===Blood work of shock=== | ===Blood work of shock=== | ||