Hypertension
Hypertension is very common and affects multiple organs. Clinically, it is usually classified as primary (idiopathic) and secondary.
Brain
Charcôt-Bouchard aneurysms
General
- AKA miliary aneurysms.
- Intracerebral hemorrhages.
Microscopic
Features:[1]
- Small aneurysms (~300 micrometers) with a fusiform shape.
- Vessel wall changes:
- Early:
- Proliferation of arteriolar smooth muscle
- Late:
- Apoptotic smooth muscle cell death and collagen deposition.
- Early:
Image: C-B aneurysm (ucsf.edu).
Eye
- Blindness.
Hypertensive heart disease
General
- Treated with antihypertensives.
- Mechanism of death: (ventricular) arrhythmia.[2]
Associated pathology[2]
- Left atrial enlargement and atrial fibrillation.
Gross
Features:[3]
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (concentric).
Notes:
- In the autopsy context, significant valvular heart disease should be absent.
Microscopic
Features:[3]
- Arteriolosclerosis of intramural coronary arteries and arterioles.
- Fibrosis of media.
- Peirarteriolar fibrosis.
Kidney
General
- May result in renal failure.
Microscopic
Features:[4]
- Fibrinoid necrosis of afferent and interlobular arteries (due to endothelial cell damage).
See also
References
- ↑ Auer RN, Sutherland GR (December 2005). "Primary intracerebral hemorrhage: pathophysiology". Can J Neurol Sci 32 Suppl 2: S3–12. PMID 16450803.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Prisant LM (April 2005). "Hypertensive heart disease". J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 7 (4): 231–8. PMID 15860963.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schwartzkopff B, Strauer BE (2000). "Coronary reserve and arteriolosclerosis in hypertensive heart disease". Z Kardiol 89 Suppl 9: IX/132–5. PMID 11151783.
- ↑ Ono H, Ono Y (November 1997). "Nephrosclerosis and hypertension". Med. Clin. North Am. 81 (6): 1273–88. PMID 9356598.