Anus
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The anus occasionally shows-up on the pathologists desk. It sometimes comes with the rectum and colon, as an abdominoperoneal resection (APR).
Anal neoplasia
Immunosuppressed individuals and homosexuals have a higher risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer.[1][2]
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia
- Abbreviated AIN.
General
- Precursor lesion of anal cancer.
- Usually HPV associated.
Grading
AIN is graded much like cervical intraepithelial neoplasia:
- High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN).
- Low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (LGAIN).
Anal cancer
- Squamous cell carcinoma - most common.
- Malignant melanoma.
- Adenocarcinoma from the rectum.
Hidradenoma papilliferum
Hemorrhoids
General
- Benign.
Clinical:
- +/-Bright red blood per rectum (BRBPR).
- +/-Painful.
Microscopic
Features:
- Polypoid lesion:
- Large dilated veins +/- fibrin thrombi.
- Fibrotic stroma.
- Squamous epithelium +/- keratinization.
See also
References
- ↑ Park IU, Palefsky JM (March 2010). "Evaluation and Management of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men". Curr Infect Dis Rep 12 (2): 126–133. doi:10.1007/s11908-010-0090-7. PMC 2860554. PMID 20461117. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860554/.
- ↑ Czoski-Murray C, Karnon J, Jones R, Smith K, Kinghorn G (November 2010). "Cost-effectiveness of screening high-risk HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-positive women for anal cancer". Health Technol Assess 14 (53): 1–131. doi:10.3310/hta14530. PMID 21083999.