Kidney

The kidney is an important organ in the abdomen that does the following:

• water balance & blood pressure regulation,
• acid-base balance,
• removes toxins/cleans the blood, and
• produces hormones (e.g. erythropoietin).

Tumours

Main article: Kidney tumours

This is mostly the domain of urology.

This article cover the common renal tumours:

• Renal cell carcinoma.
• Oncocytoma.

Urothelial tumours are dealt with in the urothelium article.

Medical kidney diseases

Main article: Medical kidney diseases

This is almost a specialty for itself. Lots of interaction of nephrologists.