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#redirect [[Non-malignant_skin_disease#Seborrheic_keratosis]]
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Seborrheic keratosis (1).jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Seborrheic keratosis. [[H&E stain]].
| Micro      = horn cysts, pigmented basal layer, hyperkeratosis
| Subtypes  = acanthotic seborrheic keratosis, reticulated seborrheic keratosis, irritated seborrheic keratosis, digitated seborrheic keratosis, stucco keratosis
| LMDDx      = [[actinic keratosis]], [[verruca vulgaris]], [[basal cell carcinoma]] (fibroepitheliomatous pattern) - for reticulated SK, [[melanocytic nevus]], [[condyloma acuminatum]], [[inverted follicular keratosis]], [[fibroepithelial polyp]]
| Stains    =
| IHC        =
| EM        =
| Molecular  =
| IF        =
| Gross      = raised lesion
| Grossing  =
| Site      = [[skin]]
| Assdx      = internal malignancy - if very many
| Syndromes  =
| Clinicalhx = old age
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  =
| Prevalence = very common
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  = benign
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    = melanocytic lesion
}}
'''Seborrheic keratosis''', abbreviated '''SK''', is a very common diagnosis is [[dermatopathology]].
 
==General==
*Benign.
*Most common tumour in older people.<ref name=emed_sk2>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview#a0199 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview#a0199]. Accessed on: 26 August 2011.</ref>
*"Large number" of SKs = paraneoplastic syndrome (''Leser–Trélat sign'').<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_595>{{Ref PCPBoD8|595}}</ref>
 
Epidemiology:
*Old people.
*Usually in sun exposed area.<ref name=emed_sk1>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview]. Accessed on: 26 August 2011.</ref>
 
==Gross==
[[Image:Seborrheic keratosis on human back.jpg|thumb|right|Clinical image showing a large number of SKs (Leser–Trélat sign). (WC/Heilman)]]
*"Stuck-on" appearance - raised lesion.
 
==Microscopic==
Features:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_595>{{Ref PCPBoD8|595}}</ref>
*Raised above skin surface.
*Border sharply demarcated.
*Hyperkeratosis - stratum corneum extra thick.
**May be minimal.
**Usually predominantly [[basketweave pattern]].
*Horn cysts - intraepidermal collections of keratin - '''key feature'''.
**Actually invaginations - '''not''' true cysts; thus, they may more accurately be called ''pseudohorn cysts''.<ref>URL: [http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/dermatology/dpt/HornCyst.htm http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/dermatology/dpt/HornCyst.htm]. Accessed on: 13 September 2012.</ref>
*Clusters of cells with brown granular material in the superficial dermis/dermoepidermal junction - pigmented melanocytes.
 
DDx:<ref name=Ref_Derm338-9>{{Ref Derm|338-9}}</ref>
*[[Actinic keratosis]] - especially, irritated SKs; have nuclear atypia and parakeratosis.
*[[Verruca vulgaris]] - koilocytes, compact hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis.
**SKs typically have prominent basketweave hyperkeratosis.
**SKs may have papillomatous projections.
*[[Basal cell carcinoma]], fibroepitheliomatous pattern - esp. reticulated SK.
*[[Melanocytic nevus]].
*[[Condyloma acuminatum]] - may have horn cysts, more probable than SK in the genital area.<ref name=pmid7978069>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Li | first1 = J. | last2 = Ackerman | first2 = AB. | title = "Seborrheic keratoses" that contain human papillomavirus are condylomata acuminata. | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 16 | issue = 4 | pages = 398-405; discussion 406-8 | month = Aug | year = 1994 | doi =  | PMID = 7978069 }}</ref>
*[[Inverted follicular keratosis]] - predominantly endophytic growth pattern, may be considered a variant of seborrheic keratosis.<ref name=Ref_Derm341>{{Ref Derm|341}}</ref>
*Collision with another lesion.
**In one series, 85 of 639 SK were associated with other lesions.<ref name=pmid16637806>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lim | first1 = C. | title = Seborrhoeic keratoses with associated lesions: a retrospective analysis of 85 lesions. | journal = Australas J Dermatol | volume = 47 | issue = 2 | pages = 109-13 | month = May | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2006.00258.x | PMID = 16637806 }}</ref>
**It is postulated that melanocytic lesions are associated with SKs.<ref name=pmid23785597>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Defazio | first1 = J. | last2 = Zalaudek | first2 = I. | last3 = Busam | first3 = KJ. | last4 = Cota | first4 = C. | last5 = Marghoob | first5 = A. | title = Association between melanocytic neoplasms and seborrheic keratosis: more than a coincidental collision? | journal = Dermatol Pract Concept | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 202a09 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = 10.5826/dpc.0202a09 | PMID = 23785597 }}</ref>
*[[Papillomatous compound nevus]] - a beign nevus with seborrheic keratosis-like features.
*[[Acanthosis nigricans]] - site important.
*[[Fibroepithelial polyp]], epithelial type - may have abundant compact keratin, lack horn cysts.
*[[Eccrine poroma]] - lack horn cysts.
 
===Images===
<gallery>
Image:SkinTumors-P5280040.JPG | Seborrheic keratosis. (WC)
Image:Seborrheic_keratosis_(1).jpg | Seborrheic keratosis - low mag. (WC)
Image:Seborrheic_keratosis_%282%29.jpg | Seborrheic keratosis - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
<gallery>
Image: Seborrheic keratosis - low mag.jpg | SK - low mag. (WC)
Image: Seborrheic keratosis - intermed mag.jpg | SK - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Seborrheic keratosis - high mag.jpg | SK - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
====www====
*[http://www.dermatlas.org/derm/IndexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=-1985374774 Seborrheic keratosis - high mag. (dermatlas.org)].
*[http://www.dermatlas.org/derm/IndexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=-1880960893 Seborrheic keratosis - low mag.  (dermatlas.org)].
*[http://ispub.com/IJD/7/2/7627 Gallery of SK variants (ispub.com)].<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Sarma | first1 = DP. | last2 = Repertinger | first2 = S. | title = Seborrheic Keratosis: A Pictorial Review of the Histopathologic Variations. | journal = The Internet Journal of Dermatology| volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages =  | month = | year = | doi =  | PMID = |URL = http://ispub.com/IJD/7/2/7627 }}</ref>
*[http://ispub.com/IJD/6/2/3323 Acantholytic SK (ispub.com)].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = J | last2 = Wang | first2 = B | last3 = Shehan | first3 = J | last4 = Sarma | first4 = D | title =  Acantholytic Seborrheic Keratosis | journal = The Internet Journal of Dermatology. | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = | month = | year = 2007 | doi = | PMID = | PMC = | url = http://print.ispub.com/api/0/ispub-article/3323 }}</ref>
 
===Histologic subtypes===
Like very common lesion, there are subtypes:<ref name=Ref_Derm338-9>{{Ref Derm|338-9}}</ref>
*Acanthotic seborrheic keratosis - thickened ''stratum spinosum''; thick epidermis.
*Reticulated seborrheic keratosis - vaguely resembles [[fibroepithelioma of Pinkus]] (BCC, fibroepitheliomatous pattern).
*Irritated seborrheic keratosis - spongiosis (epidermal intercellular edema) and inflammation.
*Digitated seborrheic keratosis - papillomatous projections, architecture mimics a [[verruca]].
*Stucco keratosis - pointed papillomatous projections.
 
==Sign out==
<pre>
Skin Lesion, Left Lower Leg, Excision:
- Seborrheic keratosis, completely excised.
- Solar elastosis.
</pre>
 
<pre>
Skin Lesion (Submitted "Seborrheic Keratosis"), Right Back, Excision:
    - Extensively fragmented bland superficial squamous epithelium with
      horn cysts and keratineous material, compatible with impression of
      seborrheic keratosis; deeper lesion cannot be excluded.
</pre>
 
 
===Block letters===
<pre>
SKIN LESION, MID BACK, BIOPSY:
- SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS.
</pre>
 
<pre>
SKIN LESION, RIGHT SCAPULA, PUNCH BIOPSY:
- RETICULATED SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS.
</pre>
 
<pre>
SKIN LESION ("NEVUS"), RIGHT TRUNK AT BRA LINE, SHAVE BIOPSY:
- IRRITATED SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS (HYPERKERATOTIC TYPE).
</pre>
 
<pre>
SKIN LESION, LEFT POSTERIOR SHOULDER, EXCISION:
- SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS (ACANTHOTIC TYPE), COMPLETELY EXCISED.
</pre>
 
<pre>
SKIN LESION, LEFT POSTERIOR SHOULDER, EXCISION:
- SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS WITH PIGMENTATION (ACANTHOTIC TYPE), COMPLETELY EXCISED
  IN THE PLANE OF SECTION.
- NEGATIVE FOR MELANOCYTIC LESION.
</pre>
 
===Micro===
The sections show skin with acanthosis, pseudohorn cysts, hyperkeratosis and focal basal epidermal pigmentation.  There is no basal nuclear atypia, and there are no
melanocytic nests. Mitotic activity is not apparent.  There is minimal dermal inflammation. There is no apparent solar elastosis.
 
====Without horn pseudocysts====
The sections show skin with acanthosis, a thin layer of compact keratin and focal basal epidermal pigmentation. Dilated blood vessels surrounded by collagen are seen in the superficial dermis. No pseudohorn cysts are identified. A granular layer is present.
 
There is no basal nuclear atypia. There is no mitotic activity and no melanocytic nests. There is no solar elastosis. No koilocytes are apparent.
 
====Minimal hyperkeratosis====
The sections show skin with acanthosis, pseudohorn cysts, rare parakeratosis, minimal hyperkeratosis and focal basal epidermal pigmentation. There is no basal nuclear atypia, no appreciable mitotic activity and there are no melanocytic nests. There is minimal dermal inflammation. Solar elastosis is present.
 
====Reticulated seborrheic keratosis====
The sections show hair-bearing skin with fine strands of benign basaloid epidermal cells
extending from the epidermis.  The superficial dermis has dense collagen. No
significant inflammation is present. Pseudohorn cysts are present focally.
 
There is no hyperkeratosis or acanthosis.  No pigmentation is apparent. No large blood
vessels are identified. No nuclear atypia is seen.
 
====Irritated SK====
The sections show skin with acanthosis, pseudohorn cysts, hyperkeratosis and basal epidermal pigmentation. There are no melanocytic nests. Mitotic activity is not readily apparent. A dermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate is present. Reactive basal cell changes are present. There is no apparent solar elastosis. The lesion is incompletely
excised.
 
====Wart-like SK====
The sections show skin with papillomatous acanthosis and, predominantly, basketweave hyperkeratosis.  A lesser amount of compact hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis is present.
Koilocytes are not identified. Blood vessels close to the dermal-epidermal junction are not prominent. Pseudohorn cysts are not apparent.
 
There are no melanocytic nests. There is no apparent solar elastosis. There is a moderate lymphohistiocytic dermal infiltrate. There is minimal basal atypia. Mitotic activity is not readily apparent.
 
====Stucco keratosis====
The sections show skin with pointed papillomatous projections and hyperkeratosis.
There is no basal nuclear atypia, and there are no melanocytic nests. Mitotic activity is
not apparent. There is minimal dermal inflammation. Solar elastosis is present.
The lesion is excised in the plane of section.
 
Note:
*Signed out as ''seborrheic keratosis, early''.
 
==See also==
*[[Non-malignant skin disease]].
*[[Dermatopathology]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Dermatopathology]]
Michael
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