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Difference between revisions of "Anemia"
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'''Anemia''' is low hemoglobin. | [[Image:Iron_deficiency_anemia_blood_film.jpg|thumb|Blood film in iron deficiency anemia. (WC)]] | ||
'''Anemia''' is an abnormally low hemoglobin. | |||
There is a long list of causes for anemia. Usually, anemia is grouped by RBC cell size, mean corpuscular volume (MCV). | There is a long list of causes for anemia. Usually, anemia is grouped by [[RBC]] cell size, mean corpuscular volume (MCV). | ||
==Microcytic anemia== | ==Classifications== | ||
{{familytree/start}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | A01=Anemia}} | |||
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | B01 | | | | B02 | | | | B03 | B01 = [[Macrocytic anemia]] (MCV>100 fl) | B02 = [[Normocytic anemia]] (MCV 80–100 fl) | B03 = [[Microcytic anemia]] (MCV<80 fl)}} | |||
{{familytree/end}} | |||
===Microcytic anemia=== | |||
Mnemonic ''TAILS'':<ref>URL: [http://www.step2review.com/content/sub_cat.php?cat_id=487__Microcytic_Anemia http://www.step2review.com/content/sub_cat.php?cat_id=487__Microcytic_Anemia]. Accessed on: 12 May 2011.</ref> | Mnemonic ''TAILS'':<ref>URL: [http://www.step2review.com/content/sub_cat.php?cat_id=487__Microcytic_Anemia http://www.step2review.com/content/sub_cat.php?cat_id=487__Microcytic_Anemia]. Accessed on: 12 May 2011.</ref> | ||
*Thalassemia. | *Thalassemia. | ||
*Anemia of chronic diesease. | *Anemia of chronic diesease. | ||
*Iron deficiency anemia. | *[[Iron deficiency anemia]]. | ||
*Lead toxicity. | *[[Lead toxicity]]. | ||
*Sideroblastic anemia. | *Sideroblastic anemia. | ||
==Macrocytic anemia== | ===Macrocytic anemia=== | ||
Mnemonic ''Few Big RBCs May Lead To Palor'': | Mnemonic ''Few Big RBCs May Lead To Palor'': | ||
*Folate deficiency. | *Folate deficiency. | ||
*Vitamin B12 deficiency. | *Vitamin B12 deficiency. | ||
*Rx. | *Rx. | ||
*Myelodysplastic syndromes. | *[[Myelodysplastic syndromes]]. | ||
*Liver disease (cirrhosis). | *Liver disease ([[cirrhosis]]). | ||
*Thyroid disease (hypothyroidism). | *Thyroid disease ([[hypothyroidism]]). | ||
*Post-splenectomy. | *Post-splenectomy. | ||
==References | ===Normocytic anemia=== | ||
One DDx of normocytic anemia:<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Brill | first1 = JR. | last2 = Baumgardner | first2 = DJ. | title = Normocytic anemia. | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 62 | issue = 10 | pages = 2255-64 | month = Nov | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 11126852 }}</ref> | |||
*Acute blood loss. | |||
*Hypersplenism. | |||
*Hemolytic disorders. | |||
**Congenital conditions. | |||
**Hemoglobinopathies, e.g. [[sickle cell disease]]. | |||
A cute mnemonic ''ABBRA'': | |||
*Anemia of chronic disease. | |||
*Bone marrow infiltration. | |||
*Bone marrow failure. | |||
*[[Renal failure]]. | |||
*Acute hemorrhage. | |||
=Specific types of anemia= | |||
==Pernicious anemia== | |||
{{Main|Pernicious anemia}} | |||
==Sickle cell anemia== | |||
{{Main|Sickle cell anemia}} | |||
=References= | |||
{{Reflist|1}} | {{Reflist|1}} | ||
[[Category:Haematopathology]] | [[Category:Haematopathology]] | ||